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Clinical Microscopy > Chapter 2: Introduction to Urinalysis > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Introduction to Urinalysis Flashcards

1
Q

Urine Composition: Percent of Water

A

95 to 97 %

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2
Q

Urine Composition: Percent of Solid

A

3 to 5 % : 60 grams in 24 hours

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3
Q

Major organic component of urine

A

UREA

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4
Q

How many grams of organic substance in urine Composition

A

35 grams

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5
Q

How many grams of INORGANIC substance in urine Composition?

A

25 grams

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6
Q

Major INORGANIC substance component of urine

A

Chloride

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7
Q

Normal range of urine volume

A

600 to 2000 mL

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8
Q

Average of Urine Volume

A

1200 to 1500 mL per day

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9
Q

Night:Day ratio of urine volune

A

1:2 to 1:3

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10
Q

Increased urine volume

A

Polyuria

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11
Q

Polyuria produce _ mL urine per day

A

> 2000 (Henry) >2500 (Strasinger)

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12
Q

Major Causes of Polyuria

A
  • Increased fluid Intake
  • Diuretics
  • Diabetes Millitus
  • Diabetes Insipidus
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13
Q

is caused by a defect of either pancreatic production of insulin or in the function of insulin which results increased of glucose concentration

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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14
Q

results in the decrease in the production or function of ADH

A

Diabetes insipidus

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15
Q

Decrease urine volume

A

Oliguria

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16
Q

Oliguria is the production of __ mL of urine per day

A

<500 mL (Henrys)
<400 mL (Strasinger)

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17
Q

Causes of Oliguria

A
  1. Dehydration
  2. Renal Calculi or Tumor
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18
Q

Complete cessation of urine

A

Anuria

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19
Q

Anuria is the production of __ mL urine per day

A

<100 mL

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20
Q

Causes of Anuria

A
  1. Complete Obstruction (stones, carcinomas)
  2. Toxic Agents
  3. Decreased Renal blood flow
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21
Q

Excretion of more than 500 mL of urine at night

A

Nocturia

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22
Q

Cause of Nocturia

A

Pregnancy

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23
Q

SG of urine to an individual having nocturia

A

< 1.018

24
Q

Recommended Capacity of urine containers

A

50 mL

25
Q

Volume required for UA

A

10 to 15 mL
Average: 12 mL

26
Q

Containers for microbiological studies

A

Sterile Containers

27
Q

All urine specimens must be labeled with

A
  1. Patients name and identification number
  2. Date and time of collection
  3. Health care providers name
28
Q

For routine and qualitative urinalysis and can be collected any time

A

Random Specimen

29
Q

Ideal specimen for routine UA and pregnancy test

A

First morning specimen

30
Q

Specimen for Evaluation of orthostatic Proteinuria

A

First Morning specimen

31
Q

Second morning Specimen is aka

A

Fasting Specimen

32
Q

2nd voided urine after a period of fasting

A

Second Morning/ Fasting Specimen

33
Q

Specimen for glucose determination

A

Second Morning/ Fasting Specimen

34
Q

Specimen for monitoring/screening for diabetic patients

A

2 hour postprandial

35
Q

Optional with blood samples in glucose tolerance test

A

Glucose tolerance

36
Q

Series of blood and urine samples are collected at specific time intervals to compare the concentration of a substance in urine with its concentration in the blood
Use in the Diagnosis of Diabetes

A

Fractional Specimen

37
Q

Four routine screening and bacterial culture

A

Midstream Clean-Catch Specimen

38
Q

Specimen For bacterial culture

A

Catheterized Specimen

39
Q

Bladder urine for anaerobic bacterial culture and urine cytology

A

Suprapubic Aspiration

40
Q

Specimen for prostatic infection

A

Three-Glass Technique

41
Q

Prostatic infection is when the no. of WBC and bacteria in 3rd specimen is ___ X greater than the 1st

A

10

42
Q

For Addis count

A

12-hour urine

43
Q

For nitrite determination

A

4-hour urine

44
Q

For urobilinogen determination

A

Afternoon (2 pm to 4 pm)

45
Q

Urine preservatives for routine urinalysis and routine culture

A

Refrigeration

46
Q

Urine preservative that preserve glucose and sediments well

A

Thymol

47
Q

Urine preservative that preserve protein and formed elements

A

Boric Acid

48
Q

Preservative for Addis count

A

Formalin

49
Q

Prevent glycolysis and a good preservative for drug analysis

A

Sodium Fluoride

50
Q

Preserves cellular elements and good for cytology studies

A

Saccomano Fixative

51
Q

These increased in unpreserved urine

A

PH, Bacteria, Odor, Nitrite

52
Q

Process that provides documentation of proper sample identification from the tike of collection to the receipt of laboratory results

A

Chain of Custody

53
Q

Required urine volume for chain of custody

A

30 to 45 mL

54
Q

Required container for chain of custody

A

60 mL capacity

55
Q

Temp for chain of custody

A

32.5 to 37.3

Clinical Microscopy (3 decks)

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