Chapter 2 Immunity And The Lymphatic System

Question 0

Specific Immunity

Answer 0

Immunity that once in contact with a foreign agent, is able to respond to future exposures of that agent.

Question 1

Immunity

Answer 1

The ability of the body to defend itself against infectious agents, foreign cells, and abnormal body cells

Question 2

Nonspecific Immunity

Answer 2

Also known as innate immunity, is immunity that is present at birth and provides immediate but general protection from foreign agents in the body

Question 3

What immunity can be artificially created?

Answer 3

Immunization

Question 4

What is the body’s first line of defense?

Answer 4

Skin

Question 5

What type of barrier is the skin?

Answer 5

Physical barrier

Question 6

Chemical barrier

Answer 6

A barrier such as tears, saliva, sweat, and oil that is secreted as a protection to infection.

Question 7

Misconstrued is a form of what type of barrier?

Answer 7

Chemical

Question 8

Phagocytosis

Answer 8

White blood cells (leukocytes) “eat” bacteria or other material. Fairly non specific because the process cannot remember past invaders.

Question 9

Physical and chemical barriers are a form of what type of immunity?

Answer 9

Nonspecific

Question 10

Phagocytosis is a form of what type of immunity?

Answer 10

Nonspecific

Question 11

Natural Killer Cells

Answer 11

Type of leukocyte that recognizes body cells with abnormal membranes and kills then by secreting a protein that destroys the cell membrane

Question 12

Natural killer cells are what type of immunity?

Answer 12

Nonspecific

Question 13

Fever

Answer 13

A sign that the body is defending itself, because when the phagocytes find a destroy invaders, they release substances that raise body temperature.

Question 14

How does fever aid the immune system?

Answer 14

By stimulating phagocytes, increasing metabolism, and inhibiting the multiplication of some organisms.

Question 15

Fever is what type of immunity?

Answer 15

Nonspecific

Question 16

Interferon

Answer 16

Group of substances that stimulate the immune system and is used to treat infections and cancer. It interferes with viral multiplication.

Question 17

Interferon is what type of immunity?

Answer 17

Nonspecific

Question 18

Inflammation

Answer 18

May be caused by trama or injury, or is a physical irritant in the tissue. It is a protective tissue response to injury or invasion. Increased blood flow to the area.

Question 19

Hyperemia

Answer 19

Increased amount of blood flow to the injured area during inflammation.

Question 20

Neutrophils

Answer 20

Leukocytes that line up within the capillary walls during inflammation. Specialized cells that defend the body against invading organisms and speed healing by

Question 21

What cell lines up the capillary walls during inflammation?

Answer 21

Neutrophils

Question 22

Histamine

Answer 22

Substance released by damaged tissue that causes the capillary walls to become more permeable which enables plasma and neutrophils to move out of the blood vessels into the tissue.

Question 23

Histamine

Answer 23

Damaged tissue releases histamine that causes the capillary walls to become permeable that allows plasma and neutophils to move out of the blood vessels into the tissue.

Question 24

Chemotaxis

Answer 24

Attraction of white blood cells to the site of the inflammation

Question 25

Inflammatory Exudate

Answer 25

When the white blood cells escape from the capillaries, it causes swelling and the excess of fluid in the tissues puts pressure on the nerve endings causing pain

Question 26

Leukocytosis

Answer 26

Excessive production of white blood cells, and is a sign of infection or inflammation

Question 27

Why do neutrophils die?

Answer 27

After ingesting bacteria, they release substances that liquefy the surrounding tissue, forming pus

Question 28

Monocyte or Macrophages

Answer 28

follow the nuetrophils in the process of clearing debree.

Question 29

Fibrin

Answer 29

The inflammatory exude the contains protein, essentail to the blood clotting mechanism

Question 30

Why is Fibrin important?

Answer 30

Forms a clot in the damaged tissue, walling off the infection and preventing its spread

Question 31

pyogenic

Answer 31

bacteria that cause pus formations

Question 32

suppurative

Answer 32

Inflammation associated with pus formation

Question 33

Give examples of suppurative inflammtion

Answer 33

Abcesses, boils, and styes

Question 34

Fibroblasts

Answer 34

in fibrosis, it is a type of connective tissue cell that produces collagen fibers. The fibers contract drawing the cut surfaces together

Question 35

Adhesions

Answer 35

Collagen fibers that anchor together with adjacent structures, but can interfere with organ functions

Question 36

What body system is used primarily for immunity?

Answer 36

Lymphatic System

Question 37

Lymph

Answer 37

Fluid left body in the body, that has "leaked" out of the capillary beds. It must be returned to the blood

Question 38

lymphocytes

Answer 38

produced by lymphnodes, it is a type of white blood cell that responds to bacteria, viruses, and other foreign material

Question 39

Antigen

Answer 39

The foreign element that has triggered an immunity response.

Question 40

Humoral Immunity includes what

Answer 40

antibodies

Question 41

Cell mediated immunity uses what

Answer 41

lymphocytes

Question 42

What two types of lymphocytes provide immunity?

Answer 42

T and B lymphocytes

Question 43

Cell Mediated immunity uses what specific lymphocyte?

Answer 43

T lymphocytes

Question 44

Where are the T lymphocytes produced?

Answer 44

Thymus gland

Question 45

Humoral Immunity uses what specific lymphocyte?

Answer 45

B lymphocytes

Question 46

Plasma Cells

Answer 46

Cells that divide rapidly and produce a large number of antibodies

Question 47

What type of lymphocytes can turn into plasma cells for immunity?

Answer 47

B lymphocytes

Question 48

Immunoglobulin

Answer 48

plasma protiens secreted by plasma cells that are antibodies that are distributed into the blood stream and transported around the body

Question 49

Antibodies do what to antigens?

Answer 49

"tag" them for destruction by the immune system

Question 50

Memory Cells

Answer 50

Type of B lymphocyte that becomes activated when in contact with an antigen and releases and more potent and rapid antibody reponse during subseqent exposures.

Question 51

What are the different types of T cells?

Answer 51

cytotoxic and helper (CD8 and CD4) Memory and Supressor

Question 52

Cytotoxic cells

Answer 52

Killer of antigens, type of T lymphocyte

Question 53

Helper T Cells

Answer 53

secrete lymphokines that increase the response of other lymphoid cells