Chapter 2: Immunity Flashcards
- Innate immunity, also called natural or native immunity, consists of mechanisms that respond specifically to:
A) self-cells.
B) microbes.
C) antibodies.
D) inflammation.
B). microbes
- Adaptive immune responses, also called acquired or specific immunity, are composed of and their products.
A) granulocytes
B) lymphocytes
C) epithelial cells
D) Toll-like receptors
B). lymphocytes
- The effector cells of the immune system have the primary function of:
A) activating phagocytic cells.
B) eliminating the antigens.
C) processing antigen into epitopes.
D) controlling the immune response.
B). eliminating the antigens
- Activation of lymphocytes is dependent upon the and of the antigens by macrophages.
A) memory; clustering
B) capture; destruction
C) recognition; grouping
D) processing; presentation
D: processing; presentation
- Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, with human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), are markers on all nucleated cells and have an important role in:
A) identifying blood types.
B) cell membrane transport.
C) suppressing viral replication.
D) avoiding transplant rejections.
D) avoiding transplant rejections
- Dendritic cells, found in skin tissues and lymphoid tissues, are important for:
A) initiation of adaptive immunity.
B) deep-tissue phagocytosis.
C) disposal of dead cells.
D) delaying inflammation.
A). initiation of adaptive immunity
- Once T helper cells are activated, they secrete that activate and regulate nearly all of the other cells of the immune system.
A) complement proteins
B) cytokines
C) leukotrienes
D) bradykinins
B) cytokines
- The first circulating immunoglobulin to appear in response to a new antigen is:
A) IgG.
B) IgM.
C) IgA.
D) IgD.
B). IgM
- The effector function of activated members of the complement system includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A) chemotaxis.
B) opsonization.
C) pathogen lysis.
D) phagocytosis.
D) phagocytosis
10 During the latent period before antibodies are detected in the humoral
. immune response, B cells differentiate into cells.
A) plasma
B) cytotoxic
C) stem
D) helper
A). plasma
11 Which of the following would participate in the innate immune response to
. an infectious microorganism?
A) T lymphocytes
B) Antibodies
C) B lymphocytes
D) Neutrophils
D). Neutrophils
12 A patient has recently received a pneumococcal vaccine and the patients B
. cells are consequently producing antibodies. Which of the following cells may enhance this production of antibodies?
A) Helper T cells
B) Regulatory T cells
C) Cytotoxic T cells
D) Natural killer cells
A). Helper T cells
13 A childs thymus gland is fully formed and proportionately larger than an
. adults. Which of the following processes that contribute to immunity takes place in the thymus gland?
A) Differentiation of B cells
B) Production of natural killer (NK) cells
C) Proliferation of T cells
D) Filtration of antigens from the blood
B) Production of natural killer cells
14 A patients exposure to an antibiotic-resistant microorganism while in the
. hospital has initiated an immune response, a process that is mediated and regulated by cytokines. Which of the following statements is true of cytokines?
A) They are stored in the peripheral lymphoid tissues until required.
B) They have a long half-life that contributes to an ongoing immune response.
C) They are normally released at cell-to-cell interfaces, binding to specific receptors.
D) They are capable of performing phagocytosis in the response to viral invasion.
C). They are normally released at cell-to-cell interfaces, binding to specific receptors
15 The entrance of a microbe into an individuals vascular space has initiated
opsonization. Which of the following processes is involved in opsonization?
A) Stimulation of B cells by helper T cells
B) Coating of a microbe to aid phagocyte recognition
C) Release of proteins that stimulate cell production by the bone marrow
D) Lysis of intracellular microbes by cytotoxic T cells
B). coating of a microbe to aid phagocyte recognition
16 Bacteria on a sliver in a boys finger have initiated an adaptive immune
response. The boys lymphocytes and antibodies recognize immunologically active sites on the bacterial surfaces known as:
A) Toll-like receptors.
B) opsonins.
C) chemokines.
D) epitopes.
D) epitopes
17 Histocompatability molecules are of primary importance to which of the
. following aspects of immunity?
A) Induction of T-cell immunity
B) T-cell maturation
C) NK cell activation
D) Phagocytosis by neutrophils
A). induction of t-cell immunity
18 Prior to leaving on a backpacking trip to Southeast Asia, a college student has received a tetanus booster shot. This immunization confers protection by way of what immune process?
A) Secondary humoral response
B) Cell-mediated immune response
C) Primary humoral response
D) Innate immunity
A). secondary humoral response
19 A patients cell-mediated immune response has resulted in the release of regulator T cells. These cells will perform which of the following roles?
A) Suppressing the immune response to limit proliferation of potentially harmful lymphocytes
B) Presenting antigens to B cells to facilitate the production of antibodies
C) Differentiating into subpopulations of helper T cells
D) Destroying target cells by releasing cytolytic enzymes and other toxins
A) suppressing the immune response to limit proliferation of potentially harmful lymphocytes
20 A 1-day-old infant was exposed to an infectious microorganism prior to discharge home from the hospital, but was able to effect a sufficient immune response in the hours and days following exposure. This immune response may have been due to the presence of which of the following immunoglobulins from the infants mother?
A) IgA
B) IgG
C) IgM
D) IgD
B). IgG
Two types of Stem Cells in bone marrow
hematopoetic, mesenchymal
two types of cells that hematopoietic stem cells give rise to
lymphoid, myeloid
which of the following is not an innate immune cell
helper T cell
Basophil
Mast Cell
Macrophage
Helper T cell
Type of cell produced in bone marrow, matures in thymus
T cell
Erythroblastosis Fetalis is an example of what type of hypersensitivity
I, II, III, or IV
II (remember mom and baby = 2)
results from destruction of antigens on target cells or tissues
_________response occurs after first line barriers are penetrated within the immune system
inflammatory