Chapter 2 Hitler's rise to power, 1919-33 Flashcards
Facts about Hitler’s early years?
- He was born in Austria in 1889
- He moved to Munich in 1913 and became obsessed with all things German
- He fought in the First World War and his experience confirmed his views that Germany had a special destiny
What was Hitler’s reaction to the end of WW1?
He was shocked by Germany’s defeat and the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles
Describe the timeline of Hitler in relation to the early DAP/NSDAP?
- 1919 Hitler joined the DAP
- 1920 Hitler was second in command of the DAP
- 1920 August , the DAP changed its name to the National Socialist German Worker’s party
- 1921 Hitler took over control of the Nazi party from Drexler
When was the DAP set and by who ?
The German’s workers party was set up by Anton Dexler in Feb 1919
When did Hitler join the DAP ?
In September 1919
After Hitler joined the DAP, what happened?
- the DAP set up the permanent headquarters, Hitler became second in command
- Hitler suggested the new name of the party - the Nationalist Socialist German Worker’s party ( NSDAP ) or Nazi for short
- In July 1921, Hitler became
leader of the Nazi Party
When Hitler became leader of the Nazi party, who did he select to be his party supporters?
Hess, Goering, Streicher and Röhm
What was the 25 point programme ?
A document of the parties policies written by Hitler and Dexler in 1920
What did the programme oppose ?
The Weimar politicians who agreed to the Treaty of Versailles; democracy, which they thought was weak and Jews who they felt undermined the German economy
What were some of the points on the 25-point programme ?
- Increase pensions for the elderly.
- Nationalise industries.
- Get rid of the Treaty of Versailles.
- Everybody should have a job.
- Build up Germany’s armed forces.
- Only German races may be members of the nation. No Jew may be a citizen.
- Expand Germany across new territory to feed the people and to settle surplus population (known as Lebensraum).
- All citizens should have equal rights and duties.
- Every hard-working German to have the chance of higher education.
- State must protect mothers and infants, stop children working; make laws for compulsory sports.
Who where the SA/ the Sturmabeitlung?
The sturmabeitlung ( or stormtroopers ) were a paramilitary force made up of unemployed ex-soldiers
When was the SA formed?
In August 1921 by Hitler and put in command of Ernst Röhm
Describe the SA?
They wore brown uniforms and were nicknamed ‘Brownshirts’.They were used to disrupt opposition meetings and to control crowds and any opposition to Hitler - often violently.
When did Hitler attempt to overthrow the Weimar government ?
In November 1923
What was Hitler’s attempt of overthrowing the Weimar government called ?
The Munich putch
What were the long term reasons for the Munich Putch ?
- ‘Stab in the back’
- Reparations
- The loss of Germany’s colonies.
- Resentment of Weimar government, particularly by the Bavarian government
What were the medium term reasons for the Munich Putch ?
Hitler was influenced by Mussolini’s right-wing party in Italy - the Fascists.
Mussolini marched on Rome in 1922, forcing the democratic government to accept him as leader.
What were the short term reasons for the Munich Putch ?
- Hyperinflation
- French troops entered
Ruhr in 1923 and took over
German businesses. - Hitler thought that he had support.
Describe the events of the Putch?
- 8 November 1923
Hitler with 600 SA entered a hall in Munich where the Bavarian government were meeting. At gunpoint, Hitler forced government leaders to support him. Röhm took over local police and army headquarters. Ludendorff, behind Hitler’s back, let the government leaders go. - 9 November 1923
Hitler gathered with 1000 SA and 2000 volunteer supporters and marched on Munich town centre to declare himself President of Germany. The group was met by state police. Someone opened fire and there was chaos. Ludendorff, Röhm and Streicher were arrested - Hitler was found hiding at a friend’s house and was arrested.
What were the consequences of the Putsch, short term ?
In the short term, the Putsch was not good for Hitler. He was in prison and the NSDAP was banned, and the Putsch had failed miserably because of lack of support.
What were the consequences of the Putsch in the long term ?
In the long term, however, the consequences were more positive for Hitler and the NSDAP :
* Hitler used his trial to publicise his views.
* He used his time in prison to write Mein Kampf (My Struggle). This book became a bestseller when published - it outlined his political ideas and in particular his views on Jews.
* The events of the Putsch made Hitler realise that the party needed to rethink its tactics and be more organised in order to win support nationally, using violence and force wasn’t enough.
When was Hitler released and the ban on the NSDAP lifted ?
Hitler left only after 9 months in 1924 Dec, the ban wars lifted In 1925
What was the Bamberg conference ?
Hitler organised this conference to address splits between the socialist and nationalist wings of the Nazi movement. Hitler’s power as leader was secured and his vision of Nazism taken forward.
When did Barang conference occur ?
1926
