Chapter 2 - History Of Massage As An Occupation

Question 1

Massage practitioners of the past

Answer 1

• servants and slaves
• tribal and Village Healers
• rubbers and masseurs
• doctors and nurses
• medical gymnasts
• natural Healers
• Swedish masseuses
• 1960s hippies

Question 2

Four major branches

Answer 2

1 personal grooming and rejuvenation
2 Fitness and sports
3 Healthcare
4 natural healing

Question 3

Personal grooming and rejuvenation

Answer 3

• grooming while bathing Hair and Nail Care
• rubbing vegetable and mineral oil onto skin in dry climates
• natural caring for infants and children and caring for frail and elderly
• slaves and servants provide Care at home

Question 4

Ancient Greece

Answer 4

Friction and rubbing with oil

Question 5

Ancient India

Answer 5

• royalty: staves and Flat Sticks rubbing

• shampooing:
  
  • body manipulation
  • soapy bath
  • percussion and friction massage
  • joint cracking
  • scented oils and perfumes

Question 6

China 1700s

Answer 6

• barbers in markets and Parks
  
  • grooming services and body work
  • stools and boxes for customers
  • percussion techniques

Question 7

Japan 1800s

Answer 7

• Blind “ammash”i masseurs as a welfare measure

* by the 1940s 90% of ammashi were blind working in rural districts

Question 8

Public bath

Answer 8

Community Center

Personal hygiene

Grooming services

Pleasure and rejuvenation

Social interaction

Question 9

Roman bath

Answer 9

Prototype Western Civilization public bath

Popular Medieval Europe through 16th century

Declined with spread of communicable diseases and promiscuity

Question 10

Turkish bath

Answer 10

Called Hammam

Popular in the Middle East, 19th century Europe and US in big cities

Telltack gave vigorous body work:
Gripping and pressing muscles
Stretching
Joint cracking

Question 11

Chinese bath houses

Answer 11

Similar to public baths elsewhere

Bath attendant:
Ancient traditions
Rub down and scented oils after bath

Question 12

Beauty culture early 1900s

Answer 12

Art and Science of:
Grooming women’s hair and nails
Applying makeup
Other beauty treatments

Massage for:
Rejuvenation
Reducing weight
Bust development

Question 13

Beauty salons

Answer 13

Upscale salons in large urban areas

Beauty parlors and shops in small towns and neighborhoods

Question 14

First US licensing for Barbers and beauticians

Answer 14

Around 1900

Question 15

Reducing salons

Answer 15

Reducing massages

Nutritional advice

Exercise

Steam room

Steam cabinets

Question 16

Colleges of Swedish massage

Answer 16

1930s to 1940s

Trained masseurd (men) and masseuses (women)

Anatomy and physiology

Dietetics

Hydrotherapy

Light therapy

Electrotherapy

Massage