Chapter 2 (History of American Sociology) Flashcards
How is our perspective important in sociology?
Where we stand in society determines what we can see within it (limited, objective, etc)
How can we broaden our perspectives and develop empathy?
By using the sociological imagination
What is distinct about sociology as a social science?
Sociology as a social science is distinct from from natural and physical worlds/independent from these worlds
What is a major external factor that influences individual’s actions? Example?
Social facts (Shame - expectation of repercussions of actions)
Why is sociology as a social science distinct from these other worlds?
To assert the existence of social facts
When did sociology as a discipline emerge?
During the Industrial Revolution (mass urbanization) and evolved during other times of big social change
What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution?
Major economic developments w/ shift to production of goods —> scale of production blew up —-> accelerate globalization
What was the impact of the Democratic Revolution?
Major changes in forms and sources of authority (Feudalism —> Democracy)
What was the significance of the emergence of Nation-States?
New unit of social organization resulting in greater shared sense of common identity, history and sense of solidarity
What is Marx’s philosophy on society? Explain it
Historical materialism - society is shaped by the economic conflicts between classes based on labor (workers and owners) defined by unequal retribution
What is rationalization?
Theory created by Weber relating to an organizational system of society, economy, and institutions based on principles of efficiency, predictability and control
What is the Iron Cage of rationalization?
Rationalization can result in people being restricted by bureaucratic structures and routinized roles, resulting in a lack of individuality - like being stuck in an iron cage
What is disenchantment of the world?
The replacement of traditional religious values and practices with modern secular worldviews
What is bureaucracy in relation to relationalization?
