Chapter 2 History Of Africa Flashcards
Civilization
Society with cities a government and social classes
Domesticate
Plants adapt them for only use threw away the week are seeds plants and save the stronger ones animals to tame and buried wild animals
Social class
Determined by job
Ethnic groups
Groups that share languages religion family and custom
Aksum
Present day Ethiopia and Eritrea controlled the trade area between the Mediterranean Sea to India
Seasonal winds
Tradewinds traders use seasonal wins to sale north east to India and China
Swahili
Bantu language that includes Arabic words
Powerful city-states
A city that has its own traditions government and laws it is both a city and an independent state
Pilgrimage
Religious journey
Lateen sail
A triangular shaped sale in north Africa allow ships to sail against the wind
Astroblade
Help sailors navigate to see allowed Portuguese to be the first Europeans to sail along Africans coast.
Conditions of slavery
- branded with hot irons to identify as slave
- on journey across captives lay side-by-side stack from floor to ceiling
- received little food or water
- 20% died during crossing
Effects of slavery
- over all disaster for Africa
- Western Africa lost most of their people
- lost of skilled workers
- families torn apart
- African societies broken down
Effects of European control
Belgium-directly control Belgian Congo
Great Britain-let Nigerians govern but they took orders from the British officials
In all cases-africans had little power
Other things happen when European countries controlled Africa
- europeans encouraged by Rivalry among ethnic groups
- europeans took the best farmland
- africans were forced to work under terrible conditions
- political boundaries divided some ethnic groups and forced differing groups to live together
Pan-Africanism
Belief that all Africans to work together for their Rights and freedom
-movement stressed unity and cooperation among Africans whether they live in Africa or not
And World War II 1940s
Allies-Great Britain France and United States
Axis-Germany Italy and Japan
What axis did in North Africa
Germany and Italy invaded north Africa which was under British and French control. Italy invaded Ethiopia
What allies did in Africa
Liberia and Belgian Congo supply rubber and other resources African airfield were used to move supplies and men ( natural resources )
What World War II inspired Africans to win their freedom
- europeans where we can buy World War II
- public opinion turn against colinism
- European nations could no longer afford an empire
Boycott
People refusing to buy or use certain products or services
Challenges when African countries were independent
- military leaders to control
- did not govern fairly
- citizens jailed if they protested
- but some military leaders did keep the country together
Democracy
Government in which citizens exercise power through elected officials citizens can influence government decisions
Farmers in Africa
- 60% farmers in Africa are more than half their goods are farm
- subsistence farming means raising only enough food to feed their family-commercial farming means large-scale production of cash crops for sale
Cash crops
Banana cacao and coffee
Hybrid plants
Created by breed types of the same plants example rice the best of Africa and Asia able to produce more
Education in Africa
African children must contribute and families income by working on family farms or by selling goods sending children to school sacrifice
Schools in Africa
Overcrowded the textbooks and financial difficulties
Health in Africa
- Childhood illness
- unclean drinking water and unsanitary living conditions
- insect diseases malaria and caused by a mosquito and sleeping sickness caused by tse tse fly
- HIV which causes AIDS and cannot afford drugs
