CHAPTER 2: Growth and Development

Question 1

Used almost always to refer to an increase in complexity.

Answer 1

Development

Question 2

Usually refers to an increase in size or number.

Answer 2

Growth

Question 3

Represents proportionality, but in a still more complex way, because it refers not just to a set of proportional relationships at a point in time, but to the change in these proportional relationships over time.

Answer 3

Pattern

Question 4

At about the third month of intrauterine development, the head takes up almost 50% of the total body length.

Answer 4

Fetal Life

Question 5

Simply means that there is an axis of increased growth extending from the head toward the feet.

Answer 5

Cephalocaudal gradient of growth

Question 6

originally used to study the Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon peoples whose skulls were found in European caves in the 18th and 19th centuries.

Answer 6

Craniometry

Question 7

It means that although different ages are represented in the population, the same individual can be measured at only one point in time.

Answer 7

Cross-sectional

Question 8

possible to measure skeletal dimen- sions on living individuals.

Answer 8

Anthropometry

Question 9

Based on the measurement skull found among human skull remains.

Answer 9

Craniometry

Question 10

It allows a direct measurement of bony skeletal dimensions, because the bone can be seen through the soft tissue covering in a radiograph, but it also allows the same individual to be followed over time.

Answer 10

Cephalometric Radiology

Question 11

What are the 4 measurement technique?

Answer 11

• Craniometry
• Anthropometry
• Cephalometric Radiology
• Three-dimentional Imaging

Question 12

What is the disadvantage of standard cephalometric radiograph?

Answer 12

it produces a two-dimensional (2-D) representation of a three-dimensional (3-D) structure, and so, even with precise head positioning, not all measurements are possible.

Question 13

More on 3D imaging techniques

Answer 13

Three-dimensional imaging

Question 14

The cranio-facial complex is divided into 4 areas.

Answer 14

Cranial Vault
Cranial Base
Maxilla
Mandible

Question 15

Primarily occurs during growth and development, shapes the bone, and is influenced by hormones.

Answer 15

Bone modeling

Question 16

occurs throughout adulthood, maintains bone strength, repairs damage, and adapts bone to mechanical stresses.

Answer 16

Bone Remodeling

Question 17

This is important in cartilage during development, as it contributes to the growth and shaping of skeletal structures.

Answer 17

Interstitial growth

Question 18

True or False. In adulthood, cartilage growth becomes maximal and is primarily focused on tissue maintenance and repair rather than significant expansion

Answer 18

False. Cartilage growth becomes minimal due to its avascular nature and lack of direct blood supply. Therefore, it primarily focuses on tissue maintenance and repair rather than significant expansion.

Question 19

Takes place so that hard tissue is formed, and interstitial growth becomes impossible

Answer 19

Mineralization

Question 20

This only happens when the cartilage is young ans pliable. Lengthening

Answer 20

Interstitial Growth

Question 21

Growth on the surface. Continues throughout adolescence. Widening

Answer 21

Appositional Growth

Question 22

There are three possibilities for growth.

Answer 22

Hypertrophy
Hyperplasia
Secretion of extracellular materials

Question 23

Increase in cell size

Answer 23

Hypertrophy

Question 24

Increase in cell number

Answer 24

Hyperplasia

Question 25

Contributes to the increase in size, independent of the size or number of cells themselves

Answer 25

Secretion of extracellular materials

Question 26

Utilize X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images of the body.

Answer 26

CAT SCAN

Question 27

Uses powerful magnets and radio waves to generate detailed images of the body’s internal structures.

Answer 27

MRI

Question 28

A simplified graphical representation that shows the typical growth pattern of the different body parts during childhood.

Answer 28

Scammon’s Curve

Question 29

Means to deviate from what is normal. It refers to the individual differences in the rate and timing of growth among people.

Answer 29

Variability

Question 30

Simply put, the biological clocks of different individuals are set differently.

Answer 30

Timing