Chapter 2 Gross Anatomy of CNS

Question 1

What are the five lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 1

Parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal, limbic lobe

Question 2

What are the two parts of cerebrum?

Answer 2

Diencephalon + cerebral hemisphere

Question 3

What is the main function of frontal lobe

Answer 3

Motor control

Question 4

Where is the Pimary motor cortex located?

Answer 4

Precentral gyrus

Question 5

What is the location of the Premotor or supplementary
motor areas?

Answer 5

rostral to the primary motor
region

Question 6

What is the function or what is Brocas area responsible for?

Answer 6

Speech production

Question 7

Where can we find the brocas area?

Answer 7

Inferior frontal gyrus

Question 8

What are the main functions of Prefrontal cortex (4)

Answer 8

foresight, executive functioning, insight , personality

Question 9

Who founded the Brodmann area?

Answer 9

Korbinian Brodmann

Question 10

What is a Brodmann areas?

Answer 10

He classified areas in the cortex according to neuronal organization

Question 11

True or false, neuronal organization have been
correlated closely to diverse cortical functions

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The parietal lobe is responsible for?

Answer 12

Somatosensory

Question 13

Where is the primary somatosensory cortex housed ?

Answer 13

Post central gyrus

Question 14

What is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for?

Answer 14

Proprioceptive + Tactile info processsing

Question 15

Left inferior parietal lobe + Temporal lobe are involved in? - CAES dept.

Answer 15

language, reading, comprehension, and writing. (CAES)

Question 16

Superior parietal lobe

Answer 16

Spatial orientation and attention

Question 17

What is the temporal robe involved in?

Answer 17

Auditory

Question 18

What part is responsible for language comprehension?

Answer 18

Wernickes area

Question 19

A child can speak but has difficulty in comprehending language. He or she has issues in or damage to which region of the brain?

Answer 19

Wernickes area in temporal lobe

Question 20

Inferior temporal gyrus is involved in?

Answer 20

Visual cognition

Question 21

The parahippocampal gyrus is also termed as?

Answer 21

Medial temporal lobe

Question 22

What is the medial temporal lobe is responsible for ?

Answer 22

Learning & memory

Question 23

what is the key site for speech processing?

Answer 23

Planum temporale

Question 24

Name 2 auditory asymmetries in humans

Answer 24

1. The planum temporale is understood to be a key site for speech processing, with up to 10 times bigger in the left side of the brain than in the right. 2. Measurements of surface area (Geschwind & Levitsky, 1968)
   and cytoarchitectonic studies (Galaburda, 1978) show that the left PT is larger in humans. 3. Asymmetry in white matter volume and extent of myelination
   in PT axons (Anderson et al., 1999), which may lead to the better transmission for rapidly changing speech cues

Question 25

What is the occipital lobe responsible for?

Answer 25

Vision

Question 26

What is the function of the visual association cortex?

Answer 26

higher order processing of visual information, motion, shape, and contour. MSC visual information

Question 27

What is the function of the visual association cortex?

Answer 27

higher order processing of visual information, motion, shape, contour

Question 28

Primary visual cortex is involved in ?

Answer 28

SPOC - spatial frequency, colour and orientation

Question 29

Limbic system is responsible for?

Answer 29

Governing MED( memory, emotional responses, drive)

Question 30

the main structures of the Limbic system are?

Answer 30

CHAMP - Cingulate cortex, Hippocampus, Amygdala, mamilliary bodies, phonix

Question 31

what parts does the limbic lobe encircle ?

Answer 31

diencephlon and corpus callosum

Question 32

CHAMP FUNCTIONS? mix & match

Answer 32

Cingulate cortex - rewarding, addiction Hippocampus - memory consolidation Amygdala - fear Mamiliary bodies - memory learning Phonix - memory output

Question 33

__- System is influenced by limbic system

Answer 33

Endocrine system

Question 34

What are the disorders associated with limbic system?

Answer 34

Epilepsy & schizo

Question 35

what is the location of the limbic system?

Answer 35

B/w diencephalon and cerebrum

Question 36

What are 3 main structures of basal ganglia?

Answer 36

CGP - caudate nucleus, Globus Pallidus and putamen

Question 37

What are the 3 structures of the basal ganglia combined called?

Answer 37

Striatum

Question 38

input to the BG goes through and then output?

Answer 38

input through striatum, output through globus pallidus, and projected on thalamus and cortical motor areas of frontal lobe

Question 39

what are the functions of basal ganglia?

Answer 39

1. initiation of voluntary movement 2.movement coordination

Question 40

what causes Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease?

Answer 40

abnormality in the dopamine production in the basal ganglia

Question 41

what disease causes hyper kinesiia?

Answer 41

Huntington's chorea

Question 42

putamen and globus pallidus tgt form?

Answer 42

Lentiform nucleus

Question 43

your bodys information or sensory information relay station is?

Answer 43

Thalamus

Question 44

What is thalamus main fucntion?

Answer 44

relay information to cerebral cortex

Question 45

List 4 functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 45

1. controls several aspects of emotional behavior - rage, aggression, escape. 2. regulate body temp. sexual and food and sleep behavior. 3. Neural control of pituitary gland - releases hormones involved in many bodily functions. 4. critical to endocrine and autonomic functions and involved in limbi system functions

Question 46

what is the function of 2 colliculi ?

Answer 46

superior - visual pathway inferior - auditory pathway relay to midbrain

Question 47

what is pons ? and what is the role of it ? what brain structure is it part of?

Answer 47

pons - latin - bridge, connects to cerebellum, pons function are to connect the brainstem to cerebellar hemispheres.

Question 48

lowest part of the brain where pyramidial decussation occurs? or where fibres crossover ?

Answer 48

lower medulla

Question 49

what is pyramidial decussation? where does it occur?

Answer 49

formed by the decussation (crossing over to the opposite side) of motor fibers traveling from the precentral gyrus to the spinal cord

Question 50

What are the 3 lobes of cerebellum

Answer 50

Spinocerebellum, vestibulocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum

Question 51

What is the function of spinocerebellum ?

Answer 51

receives large proportion of its afferent inputs from the spinal cord and plays a prominent role in muscle tone, body posture and equilibrium, coordination

Question 52

What is the function of Vestibulocerebellum?

Answer 52

Receives afferent inputs from the vestibular system and is involved in controlling eye movements and equilibrium

Question 53

What is the function of cerebrocerebellum ?

Answer 53

Plays important role in planning and coordination of motor movement. Procedural memory consolidation.

Question 54

What is the function of cerebrocerebellum ?

Answer 54

Plays important role in planning and coordination of motor movement. Procedural memory consolidation.

Question 55

Is Sensorimotor information mapping ipsilateral or bilateral?

Answer 55

Trick question bitch - it is both - ipsilateral at the anterior lobe and bilateral at posterior lobe

Question 55

Is Sensorimotor information mapping ipsilateral or bilateral?

Answer 55

Trick question bitch - it is both - ipsilateral at the anterior lobe and bilateral at posterior lobe

Question 56

how does the communication occur within the brain?

Answer 56

in the white matter- via myelinated axons. 2. through fibres

Question 57

what are three brain fibers aid the communication within the brain?

Answer 57

1. commissural fibers. 2. association fibers. 3. projection fibers