Chapter 2 Gross Anatomy of CNS Flashcards
What are the five lobes of the cerebral cortex?
Parietal, temporal, occipital, frontal, limbic lobe
What are the two parts of cerebrum?
Diencephalon + cerebral hemisphere
What is the main function of frontal lobe
Motor control
Where is the Pimary motor cortex located?
Precentral gyrus
What is the location of the Premotor or supplementary
motor areas?
rostral to the primary motor
region
What is the function or what is Brocas area responsible for?
Speech production
Where can we find the brocas area?
Inferior frontal gyrus
What are the main functions of Prefrontal cortex (4)
foresight, executive functioning, insight , personality
Who founded the Brodmann area?
Korbinian Brodmann
What is a Brodmann areas?
He classified areas in the cortex according to neuronal organization
True or false, neuronal organization have been
correlated closely to diverse cortical functions
True
The parietal lobe is responsible for?
Somatosensory
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex housed ?
Post central gyrus
What is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for?
Proprioceptive + Tactile info processsing
Left inferior parietal lobe + Temporal lobe are involved in? - CAES dept.
language, reading, comprehension, and writing. (CAES)
Superior parietal lobe
Spatial orientation and attention
What is the temporal robe involved in?
Auditory
What part is responsible for language comprehension?
Wernickes area
A child can speak but has difficulty in comprehending language. He or she has issues in or damage to which region of the brain?
Wernickes area in temporal lobe
Inferior temporal gyrus is involved in?
Visual cognition
The parahippocampal gyrus is also termed as?
Medial temporal lobe
What is the medial temporal lobe is responsible for ?
Learning & memory
what is the key site for speech processing?
Planum temporale
Name 2 auditory asymmetries in humans
- The planum temporale is understood to be a key site for speech processing, with up to 10 times bigger in the left side of the brain than in the right. 2. Measurements of surface area (Geschwind & Levitsky, 1968)
and cytoarchitectonic studies (Galaburda, 1978) show that the left PT is larger in humans. 3. Asymmetry in white matter volume and extent of myelination
in PT axons (Anderson et al., 1999), which may lead to the better transmission for rapidly changing speech cues
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Vision
What is the function of the visual association cortex?
higher order processing of
visual information, motion,
shape, and contour. MSC visual information
What is the function of the visual association cortex?
higher order processing of
visual information, motion,
shape, contour
Primary visual cortex is involved in ?
SPOC - spatial frequency, colour and orientation
Limbic system is responsible for?
Governing MED( memory, emotional responses, drive)
the main structures of the Limbic system are?
CHAMP - Cingulate cortex, Hippocampus,
Amygdala, mamilliary bodies, phonix
what parts does the limbic lobe encircle ?
diencephlon and corpus callosum
CHAMP FUNCTIONS? mix & match
Cingulate cortex - rewarding, addiction
Hippocampus - memory consolidation
Amygdala - fear
Mamiliary bodies - memory learning
Phonix - memory output
__- System is influenced by limbic system
Endocrine system
What are the disorders associated with limbic system?
Epilepsy & schizo
what is the location of the limbic system?
B/w diencephalon and cerebrum
What are 3 main structures of basal ganglia?
CGP - caudate nucleus, Globus Pallidus and putamen
What are the 3 structures of the basal ganglia combined called?
Striatum
input to the BG goes through and then output?
input through striatum, output through globus pallidus, and projected on thalamus and cortical motor areas of frontal lobe
what are the functions of basal ganglia?
- initiation of voluntary movement 2.movement coordination
what causes Huntington’s chorea and Parkinson’s disease?
abnormality in the dopamine production in the basal ganglia
what disease causes hyper kinesiia?
Huntington’s chorea
putamen and globus pallidus tgt form?
Lentiform nucleus
your bodys information or sensory information relay station is?
Thalamus
What is thalamus main fucntion?
relay information to cerebral cortex
List 4 functions of the hypothalamus
- controls several aspects of emotional behavior - rage, aggression, escape.
- regulate body temp. sexual and food and sleep behavior.
- Neural control of pituitary gland - releases hormones involved in many bodily functions. 4. critical to endocrine and autonomic functions and involved in limbi system functions
what is the function of 2 colliculi ?
superior - visual pathway inferior - auditory pathway relay to midbrain
what is pons ? and what is the role of it ? what brain structure is it part of?
pons - latin - bridge, connects to cerebellum, pons function are to connect the brainstem to cerebellar hemispheres.
lowest part of the brain where pyramidial decussation occurs? or where fibres crossover ?
lower medulla
what is pyramidial decussation? where does it occur?
formed by the decussation
(crossing over to the opposite side) of motor fibers traveling from the precentral gyrus to the spinal cord
What are the 3 lobes of cerebellum
Spinocerebellum, vestibulocerebellum, cerebrocerebellum
What is the function of spinocerebellum ?
receives large proportion of
its afferent inputs from the spinal cord and plays a prominent
role in muscle tone, body posture and equilibrium, coordination
What is the function of Vestibulocerebellum?
Receives afferent inputs from the vestibular system and is involved in controlling eye movements and equilibrium
What is the function of cerebrocerebellum ?
Plays important role in planning and
coordination of motor movement. Procedural memory consolidation.
What is the function of cerebrocerebellum ?
Plays important role in planning and
coordination of motor movement. Procedural memory consolidation.
Is Sensorimotor information mapping ipsilateral or bilateral?
Trick question bitch - it is both - ipsilateral at the anterior lobe and bilateral at posterior lobe
Is Sensorimotor information mapping ipsilateral or bilateral?
Trick question bitch - it is both - ipsilateral at the anterior lobe and bilateral at posterior lobe
how does the communication occur within the brain?
in the white matter- via myelinated axons. 2. through fibres
what are three brain fibers aid the communication within the brain?
- commissural fibers. 2. association fibers. 3. projection fibers
