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Ap Government Vocab > Chapter 2 Great Britain. > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Great Britain. Flashcards

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0
Q

Fiefdom

A

Land king grants to nobles in exchange for support.

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1
Q

Celts

A

Pre-Roman inhabitants from Europe.

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2
Q

Exchequer

A

Britain’s treasury minister.

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3
Q

The continent

A

British term for mainland Europe.

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4
Q

Mixed monarchy

A

King balanced by nobles.

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5
Q

Magna Carta

A

1215 agreement to preserve rights of English nobles.

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6
Q

Parliament

A

When capitalized, Britain’s legislature, now usually meaning the House of Commons.

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7
Q

Lords

A

Upper House of Parliament; now much less important than commons.

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8
Q

Commons

A

Lower House of Parliament: the elected, important chamber.

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9
Q

Anticlerical

A

Wants to get the Roman Catholic Church out of politics.

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10
Q

Common law

A

System of judge made law developed in England.

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11
Q

Precedent

A

Legal reasoning based on previous cases.

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12
Q

Republic

A

Country not headed by a monarch.

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13
Q

Commonwealth

A

A republic; also organization of countries that were once British colonies.

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14
Q

Republican

A

In its original sense, a movement to end monarchy.

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15
Q

Crown

A

The British government

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16
Q

Prime minister

A

Chief of government in parliamentary systems.

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17
Q

Minister

A

Head of a major department (ministry) of government.

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18
Q

Whigs

A

Faction of parliament that became liberal party.

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19
Q

Tories

A

Faction of parliament that became Conservative party.

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20
Q

State of nature

A

Humans before civilization.

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21
Q

Civil society

A

Humans after becoming civilized: modern usage: associations between family and government.

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22
Q

Conservatism

A

Ideology of preserving existing institutions and usages.

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23
Q

Reform acts

A

Series of laws expanding the British electoral franchise.

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24
Q

Welfare state

A

Political system that redistributes income from rich to poor. Standard in west Europe.

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25
Q

Reform act of 1832

A

Allowed more of the middle class to vote but still only expanded the electorate by half, to about 7% of adults.

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26
Q

Statute

A

Ordinary law, usually for a specific problem.

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27
Q

Dignified

A

In bagehot’s terms, symbolic or decorative offices.

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28
Q

Efficient

A

In bagehot’s terms, working, political offices.

29
Q

MP

A

Member of parliament

30
Q

Junior minister

A

MP with executive responsibilities below cabinet rank.

31
Q

Portfolio

A

Minister’s assigned ministry.

32
Q

Fusion of powers

A

Connection of executive and legislative branches in parliamentary systems; opposite of u.s separation of power.

33
Q

Government

A

A particular cabinet, what Americans call “the administration.”

34
Q

Whip

A

Parliamentary party leader who makes sure members obey the party in voting.

35
Q

Backbencher

A

Ordinary MP with no executive responsibility.

36
Q

Vote of no confidence

A

Parliamentary vote to oust prime minister.

37
Q

By election

A

Special election for a vacant seat in election.

38
Q

Whitehall

A

Main British government offices.

39
Q

Westminster

A

Parliament building.

40
Q

Opposition

A

Parties in parliament that are not in the cabinet.

41
Q

“Two plus” party system

A

Two big parties and several small ones.

42
Q

Single member district

A

Sends one representative to parliament.

43
Q

Plurality

A

Largest quantity, even if less than a majority.

44
Q

Proportional representation (PR)

A

Electoral system of multi member districts with seats awarded by the percentage by the parties that win.

45
Q

Majoritarian

A

Electoral system that encourages a dominance of one party in a parliament, as in Britain and the United States.

46
Q

Social class

A

Layer or section of population of similar income and status.

47
Q

Working class

A

Those paid an hourly wage, typically less affluent and less educated.

48
Q

Middle class

A

Professionals or those paid salaries, typically more affluent and more educated.

49
Q

Meritocracy

A

Promotion by brains and ability rather than heredity.

50
Q

Public school

A

In Britain, a private boarding school, equivalent to a U.S prep school.

51
Q

Periphery

A

Nation’s outlying regions.

52
Q

Center periphery tension

A

Resentment in outlying areas of rule by the nation’s capitals.

53
Q

Rhodes scholarship

A

Founded by South African millionaire; sends top foreign students to oxford.

54
Q

Class voting

A

Tendency of classes to vote for parties that represent them.

55
Q

Civility

A

Good manners in politics.

56
Q

Center peaked

A

Distribution with most people in the middle, a bell shaped curve.

57
Q

Center seeking

A

Tendency of political parties toward moderate politics calculated to win the center.

58
Q

Authority

A

Political leaders’ ability to be obeyed.

59
Q

Malthusian

A

Theory that population growth outstrips food supply.

60
Q

Home rule

A

Giving a region some autonomy to govern itself.

61
Q

Hooliganism

A

Violent and destructive behavior.

62
Q

Orangemen

A

After King William of orange (symbol of Netherlands royal house), northern Irish Protestants.

63
Q

Party image

A

Electorate’s perception of a given party.

64
Q

Party identification

A

Psychological attachment of a voter to a political party.

65
Q

General election

A

Nationwide vote for all mp’s.

66
Q

Hung parliament

A

One in which no party has a majority of seats; requires a coalition.

67
Q

Seat

A

Membership in a legislature.

68
Q

Constituency

A

The district or population that elects a legislator.

69
Q

Central office

A

London headquarters of British political party.

70
Q

Safe seat

A

Constituency where voting has long favored a given party.

Ap Government Vocab (3 decks)

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