Chapter 2: Generation Flashcards
1
Q
What are the 3 types of generation scale?
A
- Grid connected
- Embedded (into distribution network)
- small scale generation
- includes small scale renewables
- Micro
- anything under TIF
2
Q
What are the 4 types of plant flexibility?
A
- Base load - nuclear, coal
- Intermediate load - gas
- Peaking plant - Pumped storage
- Intermittent plant - renewables
3
Q
Who is the UK currently connected to via inter-connectors?
A
- Belgium
- France
- Netherlands
- Ireland (North and Republic)
4
Q
Who are the 6 major players?
A
- British Gas (Centrica)
- EDF Energy (EDF)
- E.ON (E.ON)
- nPower (E.ON)
- Scottish Power (Iberdola)
- SSE (OVO Energy)
5
Q
What are the date of the FIT scheme?
A
April 2010 - March 2019
6
Q
How many domestic solar panels are currently installed?
A
980,000
7
Q
What is the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG)?
A
- Jan 1 2020
- replace FIT
- will allow solar generators (domestic) to sell energy back into the grid
8
Q
State of nuclear currently?
A
- No new nuclear in Scotland
- EDF is currently constructing 2 new nuclear plants in the UK at Hinkley
9
Q
3 Types of carbon capture and storage?
A
- Pre-combustion
- Post combustion filters
- Oxy-Fuel combustion
10
Q
What is the Renewable Obligation (RO)?
A
- Began in 2002
- 2037 in UK, 2033 in N. Ireland
- Suppliers are obligated to source at least 15.4% of the energy from renewable sources
- Proof of this is done via “Renewable Obligation Certificates” (ROCs)
- Failure to meet requirement will require the remaining obligation to be paid for at the buy-out price of $45.58
- RO closes to new entrants in 2017
11
Q
What is the Feed In Tariff Scheme?
A
- Started in 2010, closed to entrants in 2019
- Financial support scheme to implement renewable energy systems under 5MW
- Initial pay out was 43.3 p/kWh, larger uptake than expected reduced this to 7 - 16 p/kWh
12
Q
What is the Energy Market Referendum (EMR) and 7 example implementations?
A
- A period from 2010 to 2015 where a series of reforms where introduced, including but not limited to:
- Feed in Tarriff (2010)
- CFDs
- Emission Performance Standards (2013)
- Capacity Market (2014)
- Carbon floor price (2014)
- Project Transmit
- Industrial Emissions Directive
13
Q
What are Contracts for Differences (CFDs)?
A
- A long term contract between a renewable generator and a Low Carbon Contracts Company (LCCC - Govn’t)
- Helps renewables remain profitable
- LCCC makes up for electrical pricing when generator is operating under a certain price (Strike Price).
- when price is above strike price, generator pays LCCC back
- CFD payments to generator come from a levy applied to suppliers (Supplier obligation)
- LCCC operational costs paid for by “Operational Levy” applied to suppliers
14
Q
What are Emissions Performance Standards?
A
- Introduced in 2013
- Require CO2 emissions to be below 450g/kWh when generating at base load
- Applies to plants above 50 MWe
- Development consent needed post 2014
- need to built with Carbon Capture and Storage systems
- Applies to gas generators too
15
Q
What is the Capacity Market?
A
- Introduced in 2014
- Works alongside the Balancing market and normal energy market
- Participants are paid on a per MW rate of capacity they can provide
- These participants can be called up at any time to generate
- Helps offset the intermittent nature of renewables
- Can be generators, storage, inter-connectors, embedded gens, CHP, demand side response
