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RTE 1021 - Radiologic Procedures I > Chapter 2 - General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - General Anatomy and Radiographic Positioning Terminology Flashcards

1
Q

Review

Define ANATOMY

A

study of the body’s structures

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2
Q

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Define PHYSIOLOGY

A

study of the function of body organs

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3
Q

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Define OSTEOLOGY

A

study of the body’s bones

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4
Q

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Describe the anatomic position

A

The body standing erect, face and eyes directed forward, arms extended by the sides with the palms of the hands facing forward, heels together, and the toes pointing anteriorly with the great toes touching

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5
Q

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List the 4 fundamental planes of the body

A
  1. Sagittal
  2. coronal
  3. horizontal/transverse
  4. oblique
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6
Q

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What is a sagittal plane?

A

a plane passing vertically from front to back, dividing the body into left and right halves

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7
Q

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What is a coronal plane?

A

a plane passing vertically through the body from side to side, dividing the body into front and back halves

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8
Q

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What is a midcoronal plane?

A

a coronal plane that divides the body into exactly equal front and back halves

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9
Q

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What is a midsagittal plane?

A

a sagittal plane that divides the body into exactly equal left and right halves

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10
Q

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What is a horizontal plane?

A

plane that travels crosswise through the body and divides it into superior and inferior segments (AKA transverse/axial)

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11
Q

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What are the 2 main cavities of the torso?

A
  • thoracic
  • abdominal
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12
Q

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In what body cavity would you find the LIVER?

A

ABDOMINAL

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13
Q

Review

In what body cavity would you find the LUNGS?

A

THORACIC

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14
Q

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In what body cavity would you find the HEART?

A

THORACIC

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15
Q

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In what body cavity would you find the UTERUS?

A

PELVIC

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16
Q

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In what body cavity would you find the SPLEEN?

A

ABDOMINAL

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17
Q

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In what body cavity would you find the RECTUM?

A

PELVIC

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18
Q

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In what body cavity would you find the URETERS?

A

ABDOMINAL

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19
Q

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In what body cavity would you find the TRACHEA

A

THORACIC

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20
Q

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In what body cavity would you find the OVARIES?

A

PELVIC

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21
Q

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In what body cavity would you find the ESOPHAGUS?

A

THORACIC

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22
Q

Special Planes

What plane transects the pelvis at the top of the iliac crests at the 4th lumbar spinous process?

A

Interiliac Plane

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23
Q

Special Planes

What plane is formed by the biting surfaces of the upper and lower teeth with the jaws closed?

A

Occlusal Plane

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24
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate C1?

A

MASTOID TIP

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25
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate C3/C4?

A

HYOID BONE

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25
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate C2/C3?

A

GONION (angle of mandible)

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26
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate C5?

A

THYROID CARTILAGE

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27
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate C7/T1?

A

VERTEBRA PROMINENS (large, palpable spinous process at base of neck)

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28
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate T1?

A

2” above JUGULAR NOTCH

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29
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate T2/T3?

A

JUGULAR NOTCH

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30
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate T4/T5?

A

STERNAL ANGLE

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31
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate T7?

A

INFERIOR ANGLES OF SCAPULAE

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32
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate T9/T10?

A

XIPHOID PROCESS

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33
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate L2/L3?

A

INFERIOR COSTAL MARGIN (bottom of ribcage)

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34
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate L4/L5?

A

MOST SUPERIOR LEVEL OF ILIAC CREST

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35
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate S1/S2?

A

ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)

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36
Q

Review

What bony landmark can be used to locate COCCYX?

A

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS & GREATER TROCHANTERS

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37
Q

Review

How many bones comprise the typical adult skeleton?

A

206

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38
Q

Review

What are the 2 skeletal divisions that make up the body’s framework?

A
  1. axial
  2. appendicular
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39
Q

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What are the 4 main parts of the appendicular skeleton?

A
  1. pelvic girdle
  2. shoulder girdle
  3. upper limbs
  4. lower limbs
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40
Q

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What are the 4 main parts of the axial skeleton?

A
  1. skull
  2. neck
  3. thorax (ribcage)
  4. vertebral column
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41
Q

Review

What is the tough, fibrous membrane that covers bones?

A

periosteum

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42
Q

Review

What is the central cylindric canal of long bones?

A

medullary cavity

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43
Q

Review

What is the inner trabeculated portion of the bone?

A

spongy (cancellous) bone

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44
Q

Review

What is the outer layer of hard tissue in bone?

A

compact bone

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45
Q

Review

What are the 5 different classifications of bones by shape?

A
  1. long
  2. short
  3. flat
  4. irregular
  5. sesamoid
46
Q

Review

Describe LONG bones and list where they are commonly located

A
  • cylindric shaft with two enlarged, rounded, articular ends
  • found in limbs and phlanges
47
Q

Review

Describe SHORT bones and list where they are commonly located

A
  • small, mostly cancellous with thin outer compact layer
  • found in carpals and tarsals
48
Q

Review

Describe FLAT bones and list where they are commonly located

A
  • sandwich of compact bone layers and spongy diploe inside
  • found in cranium, sternum, scapulae
49
Q

Review

Describe IRREGULAR bones and list where they are commonly located

A
  • can not be classified as long, short, or flat
  • found in vertebrae, face, pelvis
50
Q

Review

Describe SESAMOID bones and list where they are commonly located

A
  • small and oval
  • found in tendons of fingers/toes, patella
51
Q

Bone Development

What is intermembranous ossification and what bones are produced this way?

A

bones that develop from fibrous membranes in the embryo
- produces flat bones and joints

52
Q

Bone Development

What is endochondral ossification and what bones are produced this way?

A

bones that develop from hyaline cartilage in the embryo
- produces short, irregular, and long bones

53
Q

Bone Development

What is primary ossification and what bones are produced this way?

A

stage of endochondral ossification that occurs before birth
- forms bulk of short/irregular bones and the diaphyses of the long bones

54
Q

Bone Development

What is secondary ossification and what bones are produced this way?

A

stage of endochondral ossification that occurs after birth
- forms epiphyses of long bones

55
Q

Review

What are the 2 classifications of joints and which is more widely used?

A
  • STRUCTURAL (more widely used)
  • FUNCTIONAL
56
Q

Review

What are the 3 structural classifications of articulations?

A
  1. fibrous
  2. cartilaginous
  3. synovial
57
Q

Review

How movable is a synovial joint?

A

freely movable

58
Q

Review

How movable is a cartilaginous joint?

A

limited or slight movement

59
Q

Review

How movable is a fibrous joint?

A

immovable

60
Q

Review

What is the fibrous envelope that encloses a synovial joint?

A

articular (fibrous) capsule

61
Q

Review

What is the cartilaginous joint in which two bones are joined by hyaline cartilage?

A

SYNCHONDROSIS

62
Q

Review

What is the nutrient/lubricant found within synovial joints?

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

63
Q

Review

What is the cartilaginous joint in which two midline bones of the body are joined by a plate of fibrocartilage?

A

SYMPHYSIS

64
Q

Review

What are the fluid-containing sacs which are interposed between sliding surfaces to reduce friction?

A

BURSAE

65
Q

Review

What is the fibrocartilaginous disk pad located between the ends of bones in some synovial joints?

A

MENISCUS

66
Q

Arthrology

What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?

A
  1. synarthrosis
  2. amphiarthrosis
  3. diarthrosis
67
Q

Arthrology

What are the 6 types of synovial joints?

A
  1. Gliding
  2. Hinge
  3. Pivot
  4. Ellipsoid
  5. Saddle
  6. Ball and Socket
68
Q

Review

What type of movement is a GLIDING joint capable of?

A
  • sliding
  • gliding
69
Q

Review

What type of movement is a HINGE joint capable of?

A
  • flexion
  • extension
70
Q

Review

What type of movement is a PIVOT joint capable of?

A
  • rotation
71
Q

Review

What type of movement is a ELLIPSOID joint capable of?

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • circumduction
72
Q

Review

What type of movement is a SADDLE joint capable of?

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • circumduction
73
Q

Review

What type of movement is a BALL & SOCKET joint capable of?

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • rotation
  • abduction
  • adduction
  • circumduction
74
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for SHARP PROCESS?

A

SPINE

75
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for BONY PROJECTION?

A

PROTUBERANCE

76
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for BEAK-LIKE PROCESS?

A

CORACOID

77
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for RIDGE-LIKE PROCESS?

A

CREST

78
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for CLUB-SHAPED PROCESS?

A

MALLEOLUS

79
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for HOOK-SHAPED PROCESS?

A

HAMULUS

80
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for LONG, POINTED PROCESS?

A

STYLOID

81
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for PROJECTION ABOVE A CONDYLE?

A

EPICONDYLE

82
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for HORN-LIKE PROCESS ON A BONE?

A

HORN

83
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for EXPANDED END OF A LONG BONE?

A

HEAD

84
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for SMALL, ROUNDED, ELEVATED PROCESS?

A

TUBERCLE

85
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for LARGE, ROUNDED, ELEVATED PROCESS?

A

TUBEROSITY

86
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for ROUNDED PROCESS AT AN ARTICULAR EXTREMITY?

A

CONDYLE

87
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for SMALL, SMOOTH-SURFACED PROCESS FOR ARTICULATION?

A

FACET

88
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for LARGE, ROUNDED, ELEVATED PROCESS LOCATED AT THE JUNCTION OF THE NECK AND SHAFT OF THE FEMUR?

A

TROCHANTER

89
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for CLEFT OR GROOVE?

A

FISSURE

90
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for PIT, FOVEA, OR HOLLOW?

A

FOSSA

91
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for SHALLOW, LINEAR DEPRESSION?

A

GROOVE

92
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for RECESS, GROOVE, CAVITY, OR HOLLOW SPACE?

A

SINUS

93
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for FURROW, TRENCH, OR FISSURE-LIKE DEPRESSION?

A

SULCUS

94
Q

Review

What is an anatomical term for HOLE IN A BONE FOR TRANSMISSION OF BLOOD VESSELS AND NERVES?

A

FORAMEN

95
Q

Arthrology

What is a fibrous joint type that is located only in the roots of the teeth?

A

GOMPHOSIS

96
Q

Arthrology

What is a fibrous joint type that occurs only in the skull?

A

SUTURE

97
Q

Arthrology

What is a fibrous joint type that unites bones by sheets of fibrous tissue?

A

SYNDESMOSIS

98
Q

Review

What is a PROJECTION?

A

refers to the path of the central ray as it travels through the patient to the IR

99
Q

Review

What is a POSITION?

A

a specific patient body position OR the act of placing a patient in the appropriate position

100
Q

Review

What is a VIEW?

A

the body part as it is seen from the perspective of an x-ray film or IR (opposite of projection)

101
Q

Review

What is a METHOD?

A

a projection or position that is named after the person who developed its use

102
Q

Review

What is the projection where the CR is angled longitudinally with the long axis of the body?

A

AXIAL

103
Q

Review

What is the projection where the CR enters the anterior body surface and exits the posterior body surface?

A

AP (anteroposterior)

104
Q

Review

What is the projection where the CR enters the posterior body surface and exits the anterior body surface?

A

PA (posteroanterior)

105
Q

Review

What is the projection where the CR enters the body or body part from a side angle into the anterior or posterior surface of the body?

A

OBLIQUE

106
Q

Review

What is the projection where the CR enters the side or lateral aspect of the body or body part and exits the other side?

A

LATERAL

107
Q

Review

What is the projection where the CR is directed toward the outer margin of a curved body to profile a body part and project it free of superimposition?

A

TANGENTIAL

108
Q

Review

What is the position where you are lying face down?

A

PRONE (ventral recumbent)

109
Q

Review

What is the position where you are lying on the back?

A

SUPINE (dorsal recumbent)

110
Q

Review

What is the position where you are lying down in any position?

A

RECUMBENT

111
Q

Review

What is the position where you are erect or marked by a vertical position?

A

UPRIGHT

112
Q

Review

What is the position where you are lying supine with the head lower than the feet?

A

TRENDELENBURG

113
Q

Review

What is the position where you are lying supine with the head higher than the feet?

A

FOWLER

RTE 1021 - Radiologic Procedures I (5 decks)

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