chapter 2 general Flashcards
Mitochondria
use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in food
Catabolism
Metabolic pathways that break down molecules, releasing energy.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of membranes that is found in a cell’s cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.
Karyotype
Picture of chromosomes
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Anabolism
process of building large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
Metabolism
the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
Muscle Cell
long and slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing
epithelial cells
skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs
adipose tissue
Tissue that stores fat.
Cartilage
A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.
right hypochondriac region
right upper region below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen
chrondroma
benign tumor of cartilage
discectomy (diskectomy)
removal of an intervertebral disc
Chromosomes
a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Genes
DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmission.
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
nerve cells
fast cell communication, sends impulses through nervous system
Fat Cells
large empty spaces for fat storage
Tissue
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
Histologist
A group of similar cells that perform the same function.
Organs
Tissues are organized into:, group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions.
visceral organs
visceral organs
Body Systems
groups of organs that perform specific functions in the human body
DNA
A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes.
Thoracotomy
incision of the chest
mediastinoscopy
visual examination of the mediastinal structures, including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
tracheotomy
incision into the trachea
laryngectomy
surgical removal of the larynx
arthroscope
instrument for looking into a joint
peritoneoscopy
inspection of abdominal organs and removal of diseased tissue
sarcoma
Malignant tumor of flesh tissue
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lower back and sacrum
Adipose
Pertaining to fat
Chondrosarcoma
malignant tumor of cartilage
coccygeal
pertaining to the coccyx or tailbone
