Chapter 2 Gastronomy Flashcards
What is rockchop
You can cut beautiful slices through the cat’s claw
Brunoise
Cutting cubes
Crosschop
You can put a product very small with rocking movements
Julienne
Cutting fine strips
Finely chopping
Works especially well with products that consist of layers
What is Foodstuff
Any product that you can eat or drink
What is Nutrients
Useful component in food
What is Dietary fibre
All the indigestible parts of plant-derived food
What is Building blocks
Necessary for growth and development of your body
What is fuels
Provide energy
What is Reserves
Are stored in your body
What is Protective substance
Can prevent diseases
What is gastronomy
The study of everything that has to do with higher art of cooking
The study of all things related to food and culture
Christianity
Anything can be eaten, fishing day was held on Friday no meat was eaten that day. Catholics have fasting period between carnival and Easter. The fast last for 40 days
Islam
Food can be divided into halal and haram
What is halal
Permitted, legal or clean
What is haram
Not permitted, not legal and unclean
It means products based on blood, pork and meat of animals that died of natural causes
What is Ramadan
The month of fasting
Judaism
They eat kosher. They eat things according to the bible and traditions
It’s forbidden to eat or drink blood
Milk and meat are never served together
pigs, rabbits,eel and seafood are not allowed.
The animals that can be eten must be slaughtered by a specially trained butcher.
Hinduism
Hindus believe in reincarnation. it can be human body, animals or Plant. Hindus See all living being as part of God Kiling a living being means harming this god. older Hindus are Vegetarian they dont eat meat or fish. Non-vegetarian Hindus don’t eat beef or veal. because the cow is considers a sacred animal
What reasons do people have for eating vegetarian
They like it better than meat
They want to prevent animals cruelty
It’s a way of fasting
Growing vegetarians food requires less land than animal food
Their faith dictates it
They find it healthier then eating meat
What food vegetarians can’t eat
Vegetarian do not eat meat, poultry and fish
What food vegans don’t eat
Any animals products at all, including milk,dairy products or eggs
What are meat substance
Nuts, tofu, tempeh, eggs and legumes
What is dish cloth
You use it to cleans surfaces
Tea towel
You can use it to dry the dishes
Towel
You use it to dry your hands
Tips for working safely
Keep the walkways clear
Turn your gas down when something boils
Hair in ponytail
Work with oven gloves
If you drop something on floor clean up immediately
Tips for working cleanly
Wash hands
Use waste bin
Clean in between
Use correct planks
Prevent cross contamination
What is cross contamination
It’s pathogenic bacteria spread from one product to another
What is food infection
It’s caused by eating food with a sickening amount of bacteria, parasites or viruses
What is food poisoning
It’s caused by toxic substances in food, these toxins often produced by bacteria or fungi
What are signs of food poisoning
Abdominal cramps, nausea , diarrheas, or vomiting
Basic tips on cutting food
Stable surface
Good posture
Hold you knife well
Choose the right knife
Choose the right cutting technique
Sharp knives
Name the most important parts of knife
The blade?
The blade: the tip, the heel, the edge and the spine
What is the handle
The bolster, the tang, the rivets and the butt
What is spine
The blunt edge of the blade
Flat
The cutting part of the blade
Edge
The sharp edge of the blade
Tip
Can be used for fine,detailed work and very delicate cutting
Handle
When you hold knife
Heel
Cutting edge of the blade that meets the bolster
The bolster
It’s designed to keep your hand away from the edge of the blade
The tang
the attachment of the hand to the blade which can be done in a couple of different ways.
Rivets
The metal pins used to join the handle and is usually made of metal
Write down the functions of proteins
Proteins mainly serve as building block, but can also be used as fuel.
Proteins are not a reserve. So they are not stored in the body.
Write down the function of carbohydrates
Carbohydrates mainly serve as fuel but can also be used as building block and reserve
Write down the function of fats
Fats mainly serve as fuel and reserve, but can also be used as a building block, fats can be stored
Write down the function of water
Water is an important building block and is used for transporting substances
Write down the function of minerals and vitamins
Minerals mainly fulfil the function of building block and protective substance in the body
Vitamin mainly fulfil the function of protective substance and building block in the body
What happens if you eat saturated fat
You have higher risk of cardiovascular disease later on
What happens if you consume unsaturated fat
You have lower risk of cardiovascular disease
What is cholesterol
is a fatty substance. Cholesterol may be in your food, but your body also makes it itself.
What is energy requirements
It’s the amount of energy from food you need everyday. It depends on gender, age, body size,and the degree of physical exertion
The packaging of food stuff must state exactly what Is in the food stuff
Write the following information
The nutritional value per 100 gram
The energy value of the product in kcal or kjoule
The nutrients contained in the product
Which E numbers are in the product
A healthy meal consists of food from each of the five compartments
Orange?
Product: mainly whole wheat, such as whole wheat board, whole wheat pasta and couscous and brown rice.
Main nutrients: carbohydrates
A healthy meal consists of food from each of the five compartments
Pink?
Products:less meat and more vegetables. Vary with fish, legumes, nuts, eggs and vegetarian products. Enough dairy, such as melk, yogurt and cheese. A handful of unsalted nuts
Main nutrients: proteins
A healthy meal consists of food from each of the five compartments
Yellow?
Product: soft or liquid spreading and cooking fats
Main nutrients: fats
A healthy meal consists of food from each of the five compartments
Green?
Products: lots of vegetables and fruits
Main nutrients: vitamins and minerals
A healthy meal consists of food from each of the five compartments
Blue?
Products: sufficient moisture, such as tap water, tea and coffee
Main nutrients: water
Why men has more energy then women even though they do same amount of exercise
Because men has proportionally more muscle tissue
What happens if you don’t get enough vitamins of a certain kind
You can get the deficiency disease that belong to that kind of
You need minerals to………………………
Build your bone, but also for the production of red blood cells
Nutritional value
FDA
Nutritional value
The information is usually given per 100 gr or 100ml of the food
Nutritional value
Energy
The energy value is given in kilojoules or kilocalories. 1 calories is equivalent to 4,2 joules. If there is a lot of kj or kcal on a food , it will make you fatter
Nutritional value
DRI
The DRI is the amount that indicates how much more you need approximately daily of a certain nutrient you see this in minerals and vitamins
Nutritional value
E numbers
The label states which additives have been added to the food
Examples of additives Are dyed and preservatives
Vitamins a
Found in margarine, carrots
Deficiency disease: night blindness
Characteristic :poor seeing in the dark
Vitamins b
Found in husk of rice
Deficiency disease:beri-beri
Characteristic: nervous disorders
Vitamin c
Found in fruits and vegetables
Deficiency disease: scurvy
Characteristic: bleeding in the mouth, loss of the teeth
Vitamin d
Found in margarine, skin makes it self under the influence of sunlight
Deficiency disease: ricket or English disease
Characteristic : crooked legs, sunken chest
Calcium
Found in milk, yogurt
Function: needed for bone building
Iron
Found in liver, red meat
Function: production of red blood cells
Sodium and potassium
Found in vegetables, fruits
Function: needed for nervous system
Why is your dentin covered with a layer of enamel?
The enamel protects your teeth and molars
What will happen to a tooth if it’s no longer covered with root membrane
Without the root membrane, the molar or tooth would fall out of your jaw
Function of the molars
With our incisors and canines we can bite off pieces of food. We can grind food with our molars
Describe how bacteria in dental plaque cause caries
Bacteria in dental plaque convert nutrients into acids. These acids affect the enamel.
Why is brushing the transition from your teeth to your gums important
Plaque easily remains there. Plaque between the gums and tooth or molar can cause meningitis
How can you remove tartar
Tartar can only be removed day a dentist or dental hygienist
What causes for enamel be damaged
If people use their teeth like plier
The dentist is less well protected
Function of nerves, glaze, blood vessels, root membrane
Transmitting signals
Hard protective layer
Transport of oxygen,etc
Attaching the tooth/molar
Plaque
Consists of food residues, bacteria and saliva. The bacteria eat sugars and produce acid. This acid affect your enamel
Tartar
Plaque that can be no longer be brushed away
Caries
Holes
Overbite
Upper teeth that are too far forward. The solution to this is a brace
What does BMI means
Body mass index
Formula of BMI
Weight/height x2
Formula of energy requirement: amount of kcal=
6x weight +15 x effort index
Biotechnology
Using living products to make products
Classical biotechnology
Has been used for centuries
For example:yeast is used to make dough for breed to rise. And sugar in fruit juice is turned into alcohol by yeast
DNA
Important for breeding
Contains all the hereditary properties of a living being
Every living thing is made up of the cells
Looks a bit like a plate of spaghetti
Every cell of your body con exactly the same DNA
This DNA made up of
Genes
What is gene
It’s a piece of DNA that is responsible for a certain characteristic that you have
Cells
Is small that you can only see them with microscope
Inside the cell is a cell nucleus
Gentech
Proteins
Some proteins are building materials for your skin
Contains 1000 of recipes to build different types of proteins
Other proteins sends messages through your body
More proteins
Enzymes and hormones
Hormones
Are regulators
They regulate your growth and development, among other things
Enzymes
One protein that speed up chemical reactions in the body
Important for digestion
Important for digestion
They cut your food into small pieces
Two ways to apply genetic modification to plants
The first thing is that new gene is smuggled in via a virus or bacteria
The second is that genes are shot into cells with a kind of gun. It’s not possible to determine exactly where in DNA the gene will end
Animals can also be genetically modified
This done by injecting fertilized eggs with new genes. When DNA is added to cells in this way, the new properties grow with them from the Start. In this way they end up in an cells of the new creature
• The DNA Can also be Smuggled in by making holes in the cell through which it can enter.
