Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

US History > Chapter 2-Forming a New Nation > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Forming a New Nation Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards U.S. Geography flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sugar Act (1764)

A

British taxed sugar from the French and Spanish West Indies, forcing the colonists to buy sugar from the British West Indies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“Taxation without representation”

A

Samuel Adams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Stamp Act (1765)

A

Required colonists to pay for an official government stamp on certain paper items. First act that taxed the colonists directly. Was eventually repealed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Quartering Act (1765)

A

Said that colonists must provide food, drink, fuel, living space, and transportation for British soldiers stationed in America.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Townshend Acts (1767)

A

Taxed certain goods that were imported from England. Have customs officers the right to search anyone’s house for smuggled goods without a search warrant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tea Act (1773)

A

Gave the British East India Company nearly complete control over the tea market.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

Furious over the Boston Tea Party, the British enacted 4 laws to punish Massachusetts and to set an example for the other colonists.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Boston Massacre (1770)

A

Boston was the center of protest. 5 colonists died there when British soldiers fired into an angry crowd that had gathered outside a customs house. One victim was an African-Native American, Crispus Attucks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First Continental Congress (1774)

A

Delegates from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia and agreed to issue a Declaration of Rights, protesting Britain’s actions. Also agreed to boycott certain goods and form a force of minutemen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why did the British troops set out to Concord?

A

British general Thomas Gage was ordered to arrest local patriots and capture gunpowder and weapons stored in Concord, near Boston.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Battle of Lexington

A

Colonial alarm riders rode to warn the minutemen and about 70 of them were waiting for the British. Yet 8 colonists were killed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Responses in Second Continental Congress

A

Some wanted full independence but many felt loyalty to King George III.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

Asked for a “happy and permanent reconciliation” with Britain. The king refused to read it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Battle of Bunker Hill

A

British troops withdrew to Boston, where they were met by 10,000 militia. Th colonists lost, but the battle encouraged resistance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Battle of Dorchester Heights

A

Washington sent Knox to Fort Ticonderoga to being back captured British weapons. He eventually forced British troops to evacuate the city.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Common Sense

A

Written by Thomas Paine, the pamphlet condemned the whole system of the monarchy and the rule of King George III. He called not for protest but for independence. Based on Enlightenment thinking.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Virginia Declaration of Rights

A

First official call for American independence. Led to Declaration of Independence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Three main ideas of the Declaration of Independence

A
  1. Men possessed certain rights
  2. King George had passed unfair laws
  3. Colonists had the right to break away because the king has violated the social contract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tories

A

Quarter of the population of colonists still loyal to the British.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Attack of New York City

A

British took over NYC and forced Washington’s troops to cross the Delaware River into Pennsylvania.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Christmas Night of 1776

A

Washington and his men crossed the Delaware River to reach Trenton and takes the Hessians, German mercenary soldiers, by surprise and took their weapons.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was Burgoyne’s strategy for cutting New England off from the other colonies?

A

Burgoyne was to invade from Canada and move south while Howe would sail up the Hudson to meet them. However, Howe changes plans, leaving Burgoyne alone in Saratoga, New York, surrounded by Continental forces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

African Americans in the Revolution

A

Although Washington at first barred the enlistment of African Americans, the need of manpower became so great that Washington approved the recruitment of African Americans. About 5,000 fought.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Deborah Sampson

A

Disguised as a man to fight in Continental Army

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How did the Revolutionary War change after the Battle of Saratoga?

A

Actions shifted to the South and western frontier.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Key allies

A

Bernardo de Galvez, governor of Spanish Louisiana and Marquis de Lafayette of France.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

British strategy in the South

A

Loyalist sympathies were stronger in the South so they planned to campaign instead of sending more troops and supplies.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Francis Marion

A

Nicknamed Swamp Fox for his daring raids from the Carolina marshes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

British general Cornwallis took his troops to Yorktown Peninsula in Chesapeake Bay and built a fort while waiting for British rescue. Lafayette and Washington trapped them and planned a blockade. This was the last battle of the Revolutionary War.

30
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

Britain recognizes independence of the United States.

31
Q

Articles of Confederation (1777)

A

First national constitution that established a confederation. The central government had power to set national policies and carry on foreign relations and could also borrow and coin money and set up post offices.

32
Q

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

A
  1. No executive branch; Congress was the chief agency
  2. 9 out of 13 had to agree on a law
  3. All 13 had to agree to amend the Articles
  4. Did not have power to impose taxes
33
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

With the end of the valuable trade with Britain, inflation occurred, hurting poor farmers who were already in debt. Daniel Shay, formerly in the Continental Army, shut down debtor courts.

34
Q

Land Ordinance of 1785

A

Land will be surveyed and divided into a neat grid of townships, each 6 miles square. Within a township were 36 sections, each 1 mile square. The government would own 4 of them and a fifth would be sold to support public schools.

35
Q

Northern Ordinance

A
  1. Encouraged orderly settlement and formation of new states (Ohio, Indiana etc)
  2. Promised religious freedom and other civil rights
  3. No slavery
36
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

At the Annapolis meeting, Congress called for all the states to meet in Philadelphia. James Madison tells in his diary of the convention, earning him the nickname Father of the Constitution.

37
Q

Framers of the Constitution

A

Roger Sherman, Alexander Hamilton, James Wilson

38
Q

Virginia Plan

A
  1. Gave more power in national government to large states
  2. Bicameral
  3. Based on population
39
Q

New Jersey Plan

A
  1. Gave equal power in national government to all states
  2. Unicameral
  3. Equal number of representatives
40
Q

Upper House

A

Senate. Two representatives from each state.

41
Q

Three-Fifths Compromise

A

All whites plus three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for both representation and taxation.

42
Q

Legislative

A

Congress. Makes laws.

43
Q

Executive

A

President and departments that help run the government. Carries out laws.

44
Q

Judicial

A

Supreme Court and lower courts. Interprets laws as they relate to the Constitution.

45
Q

The Federalist Papers

A

Written by Publius, who in fact were James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. Discussed and defended each part of the Constitution to persuade New York delegates to ratify it.

46
Q

What did Washington do as president?

A

Set up the cabinet, a group of advisers to the president. Created the first three executive departments-state, treasury, and war.

47
Q

Secretary of War

A

Henry Knox

48
Q

Secretary of State

A

Thomas Jefferson

49
Q

Secretary of Treasury

A

Alexander Hamilton

50
Q

Attorney General

A

Edmund Randolph

51
Q

Democratic-Republicans

A

Some saw a more rural than urban country, with power residing closer to the people, in the state governments. Led by Jefferson and Madison

52
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

Congress organized the judicial branch. Had a six-person Supreme Court with one chief justice and drive associates. Set up district courts and circuit courts of appeal. John Jay was first chief justice.

53
Q

Hamilton’s financial plan

A
  1. Federal government should take on both state and national debt
  2. Government should raise revenue by passing tariffs
  3. US should create a national bank and a national mint to stabilize the banking system
54
Q

First two political parties

A
  1. Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson (strict constructionist)
  2. Federalist led by Hamilton (loose constructionist)
55
Q

Neutrality Proclamation

A

Washington believed that the growth and prosperity of the US depended on staying neutral and did not help in the French Revolution.

56
Q

Jay’s Treaty

A

Britain agreed to pay damages for America ships they had seized. They also agreed to vacate their forts in the Northwest territory.

57
Q

Pinckney’s Treaty

A

Peacefully settled boundary disputes with Spain over Spanish Florida.

58
Q

Whiskey Rebellion

A

Farmers in western Pennsylvania objected violently to Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey. They attacked tact collectors and burned down barns. Washington responded quickly.

59
Q

Conflicts in the Northwest Territory in 1794

A

General Anthony Wayne defeated a confederacy of Native Americans at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. US claims most of Indian land in Northwest Territory.

60
Q

What did John Adams do first as the president?

A

He wanted to improve the relationship between US and France. He sent 3 diplomats to France (Pinckney, Gerry, Marshall) but instead France sent 3 minor diplomats who demanded bribes and a loan.

61
Q

XYZ Affair

A

The three French agents were nicknamed X, Y, and Z. Many Americans wanted war. The affair brought new suspicions about the Republicans’ pro-French sympathies and a general resentment of foreigners.

62
Q

Alien and Sedition Acts

A

Prohibited the criticism of the federal government. Argued unconstitutional later by Jefferson and Madison.

63
Q

Why was the election of 1800 significant?

A
  1. First American election in which power was passed from one political party to another
  2. Tied election (Jefferson and Burr tied )
  3. 12th Amendment
64
Q

12th Amendment

A

Set up separate ballots for president and vice president.

65
Q

Midnight judges

A

Adams worked late into the night before Jefferson’s inauguration appointing Federalists to new judgeships.

66
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

James Madison refused to deliver commission to one of the midnight judges; however the Supreme Court ruled that the Court did not have the power to make Madison deliver the commission in the first place. Thus the Judiciary Act of 1801 was unconstitutional.

67
Q

Judicial review

A

Supreme Court’s right to declare that a law violates the Constitution

68
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

Purchased from France and roughly doubled the size of the US.

69
Q

Lewis and Clark Expedition

A

Sent out to survey the natural history of the country. Met Sacajawea, who guided them. Reached the Pacific Ocean.

70
Q

Policy of impressment during the Napoleonic Wars

A

British, in their fight against France, seized Americans at sea and drafted then into the British navy.

71
Q

War Hawks

A

Americans discovered that the British were aiding the Native Americans to fight them. A group go Congressmen known as the War Hawks began calling for war with the British, starting the War of 1812.

72
Q

Effects of War of 1812

A
  1. Foreign respect for US
  2. Pride
  3. Increase in American manufacturing
  4. Less Native American resistance
  5. End of the Federalist Party who opposed the war

US History (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions