Chapter 2 Family and Culture

Question 0

Treating the patient and family with respect and dignity

Answer 0

listen to and honor perspectives and choices of the patient and family.

Question 1

The core concepts of patient and family centered care are:

Answer 1

dignity and respect
information sharing
participation
collaboration

Question 2

share information in ways that are

Answer 2

positive, useful, timely, complete and accurate.

Question 3

Family participation

Answer 3

support participation in the care and decision making at the level of their choice.

Question 4

Collaboration in

Answer 4

development, implementation, and evaluation of policy and programs, facility design, professional education and delivery of care by all involved.

Question 5

Family System Theory when applied to familys

Answer 5

allows the nurse to view “the family as a unit and thus focus on observing the interaction among family members rather than studying family members individually”.

Question 6

Calgary Family Assessment Model (CFAM)

Answer 6

a model that uses system theory as well as other theories.

Question 7

CFAM is comprised of three major categories:

Answer 7

structural, developmental and functional.

Question 8

Culture is not static

Answer 8

it is an ongoing process that influences people throughout their entire lives, from birth to death.

Question 9

Acculturation

Answer 9

changes that occur when people from different cultures come in contact with one another. Retain some of their own culture while adopting cultural practices of the dominant society.

Question 10

In the US acculturation is thought to take place

Answer 10

in three generations.

Question 11

Assimilation

Answer 11

occurs when a cultural group loses its identity and becomes part of the dominant culture.

Question 12

Ethnocentrism

Answer 12

is a belief in the rightness of one’s culture way of doing things. our way is the only and best way of doing things.

Question 13

Cultural Relativism

Answer 13

learning and applying another person’s culture to activities within that culture.
Culture determines a person’s viewpoint.
Affirms the uniqueness and value of every culture.

Question 14

Communication

Answer 14

1. understanding the individual’s language, including subtle variations in meaning and distinctive dialects.
2. appreciation of individual differences in interpersonal style.
3. accurate interpretation of the volume of speech as well as the meaning of touch and gesture.

Question 15

When using interpretive services

Answer 15

1. Respect the woman’s wishes.
2. involve her in the decision about who will be the most appropriate person to interpret under the circumstances.
3. Provide as much privacy as possible.
4. Use culturally appropriate learning aids.

Question 16

Describe the main characteristics of contemporary family forms.

Answer 16

the family forms a social network that acts as a potent support system for its members.
relationships with providers are all influenced by culturally related health beliefs and values.
The current emphasis in working with families is on wellness and empowerment for families to achieve control over their lives.

Question 17

Identify key factors influencing family health.

Answer 17

Family socioeconomics, response to stress, and culture

Question 18

Explain family functions that contribute to the well-being of its members and society.

Answer 18

The family is a social network that acts as an important support system for its members.

Question 19

Explain family dynamics and how family dynamics contribute to accomplishing family functions.

Answer 19

Through family dynamics (interactions and communication), family members assume appropriate social roles
Negotiation is essential to maintain family equilibrium.
Ideally the family uses its resources to provide a safe, intimate environment for the biopsychosocial development of the family members
Cultural values and rituals are passed from one generation to the next through the family.
The criteria used in making decisions are based on family values and attitudes about the appropriateness of the behavior and the moral, social, political, and economic events of society. The power to make critical decisions is given to a family member through tradition or negotiation.

Question 20

Miss. M lives with her 4-year old adopted Korean daughter, Kim.

Answer 20

Single-parent family

Question 21

Anne and Duane are married and live with their daughter Susan, and Duane’s mother Ruth.

Answer 21

Extended family

Question 22

Gloria and Andy are a married couple living with their new baby girl, Annie.

Answer 22

Nuclear family

Question 23

Carl and Allan are a gay couple living with Carl’s daughter, Sally, whom they are raising together.

Answer 23

Homosexual family

Question 24

The S. Family consist of Jim; his second wife, Jane; and Jim’s two daughters by a pervious marriage.

Answer 24

Reconstituted (blended) family

Question 25

Sarah and Joe have been divorced for 3 years. They share custody of their four children.

Answer 25

Binuclear family

Question 26

Mrs. M., a Mexican-American who just gave birth, tells the nurse not to include certain foods on her meal tray because her mother told her to avoid those foods while she was breast feeding. The nurse tells her that she doesn’t have to avoid any foods and should eat whatever she desires.

Answer 26

Ethnoncentrism.
The nurse should honor the patients wishes, but could explain that there isn’t and adverse affect on her milk if she eats the food she chooses.

Question 27

Ms. P., an immigrant from Vietnam. has lived in the United States for 1 year. She tells you that while she enjoys the comfort of wearing blue jeans and sneakers for casual occasions, like shopping, she still wears traditional or “conservative” clothing for family gatherings.

Answer 27

Acculturation

Question 28

A Cambodian family immigrated to the US and has been living in Denver for over 5 years. The parents express concern about their children, ages 10,13, and 16, stating: “The children act so differently now. They are less respectful to us, want to eat only American food, and go to rock concerts. It’s hard to believe they are our children.”

Answer 28

Assimilation

Question 29

The Amish represent an important ethnic community in Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Answer 29

Subculture

Question 30

The nurse is preparing a healthy diet plan for Mrs. O. in doing so, she takes the time to include the Polish foods that Mrs. O. favors.

Answer 30

Cultural relativism

Question 31

Discuss why the nurse should take each of the following “products of culture” into consideration when providing care within a cultural context, communication, personal space, time orientation, family roles.

Answer 31

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Question 32

Communication

Answer 32

Communication is not merely the exchange of words. Instead it involves (1) understanding the individual’s language, including subtle variations in meaning and distinctive dialects; (2) appreciation of individual differences in interpersonal style; and (3) accurate interpretation of the volume of speech, as well as the meanings of touch and gestures.
For example, members of some cultural groups tend to speak more loudly, with great emotion, and with vigorous and animated gestures when they are excited; this is true whether their excitement is related to positive or negative events or emotions.

Question 33

Personal space

Answer 33

Cultural traditions define the appropriate personal space for various social interactions.
Actions such as touching, placing the woman in proximity to others, taking away personal possessions, and making decisions for the woman can decrease personal security and heighten anxiety.
respecting the need for distance allows the woman to maintain control over personal space and support personal autonomy, thereby increasing her sense of security.

Question 34

Time orientation

Answer 34

Time orientation is a fundamental way in which culture affects health behaviors.
People who focus on the past try to maintain traditions keep things status quo, don’t worry about the future. people who focus on present, live in the now, concerned only with what is happening today. People who focus on the future are concerned with what is going to happen.
Despite the differences in time orientation, each family may be equally concerned for the well-being of its newborn.

Question 35

Family roles

Answer 35

involve the expectations and behaviors associated with a member’s position in the family (e.g., mother, father, grandparent).
Families culture influences the amount of participation the family members will have concerning the prenatal care and birth of the child. Some cultures the men have no involvement with birth or prenatal care, thats women’s work.

Question 36

Explain the meaning of a CRASH course in cultural competency. 2. Discuss how an international clinical placement applies the principles of CRASH in helping students/nurses develop cultural competency.

Answer 36

Part 1. CRASH
Culture
show Respect
Asses/Affirm differences 
show Sensitivity and self-awareness
do it all with Humility

Question 37

Part 2.

Answer 37

Placing student/nurse in an international clinic allows them to see things through the eyes of a patient. Allowing the student/nurse to experience what it is like to be the minority, not understanding the language, eating unfamiliar foods, not having a ready supply of clean drinking water, primitive bathroom facilities, and shortage of equipment and supplies.

Question 38

A family with open boundaries:

a. uses available support systems to meet its needs.
b. is more prone to crisis, related to increase exposures to stressors.
c. discourages family members from setting up channels.
d. strives to maintain family stability by avoiding outside influences.

Answer 38

A., choices b, c, and d reflect the characteristics of families with closed boundaries; they are more prone to crises because they have only a narrow network to help them in times of stress.