Chapter 2: Extent, Theories, and Factors of Victimization Flashcards
Uniform crime report (UCR)
Shows the amount of crime known to the police in a year
National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS)
An expanded data collection effort that includes detailed information about crimes
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
a national survey.
Routine activities and lifestyle changes theories
proposed that a person’s routine activities, or daily routine patterns, impact risk of being a crime victim. Insomuch as a person’s routine activities bring him or her into contact with motivated offenders,
Victimization theory
generally, a set of testable proportions designed to explain why a person is victimized.
suitable targets
based on their attractiveness would be chosen by offenders
capable guardianship
Is conceived as a means by which a person or target can be effectively guarded to prevent a victimization from occurring.
Principle of Homogamy
The more frequently a person comes in contact with a person in demographic groups with likely offenders, the more likely it is the person will be victimized
Neighborhood context
family, friends, personal interactions play a role into victimization
Areas of victimization
-Family Structure
-Structural density
-Residential Mobility
-exposure to delinquent peers
Social Learning Theory
Criminal behavior is learned behavior. Specifically, it is learned through differential association (spending time with delinquent or criminal others) whereby imitation or modeling of behavior occurs. A person learns behavior as well as the definitions about behavior, such as whether it is acceptable to engage in crime.
control balance theory
this theory proposes that the amount of control that people possess over others and the amount of control to which one is subject factor into their risk of engaging in deviancy.
Control Surplus
when the control a person has exceeds the amount of control he or she is subject to, that person has a
Control Deficit
When the amount of control a person exercises is outweighed by the control he or she is subject to, that person has a
social interactionist Perspective
Proposes that distressed individuals behave aggressively, which then elicits an aggressive response from others
