Chapter 2 Elements and the periodic table

Question 1

Electrons

Answer 1

Negatively charged particles

Question 2

Protons

Answer 2

Positive Electrical Charge

Question 3

Neutrons

Answer 3

Neutral charge
Found in the nucleus except in hydrogen

Question 4

Mass number

Answer 4

Total number of electrons and protons in the nucleus

Question 5

Atomic Number

Answer 5

Number of protons in the element

Question 6

Isotopes

Answer 6

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Different mass and density

Question 7

Ions

Answer 7

Atoms that have gained or lost one or more electrons
Gain electrons = negative
loss = positive

Question 8

Groups

Answer 8

Vertical columns of the periodic table

Question 9

Periods

Answer 9

Horizontal Rows of the periodic table

Question 10

effective nuclear charge

Answer 10

A measure of the attractive force felt by the valence shell electrons towards the
nucleus

Question 11

Electronegativity

Answer 11

the ability of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when
forming a chemical bond. As the positive pull in an atom comes from the nucleus,
when the effective nuclear charge is greater, the electronegativity increases.

Question 12

Atomic Radius

Answer 12

measurement used for the size of atoms. It can be regarded as
the distance from the nucleus to the valence shell electrons.

Question 13

First Ionisation Energy

Answer 13

The energy required to remove the most loosely held electron