Chapter 2: Descriptive Statistics: Tabular and Graphical Displays

Question 1

Bar Chart

Answer 1

A graphical device for depicting categorical data that have been summarized in a frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency distribution.

Question 2

Categorical Data

Answer 2

Labels or names used to identify categories of like items.

Question 3

Class Midpoint

Answer 3

The value halfway between the lower and upper class limits.

Question 4

Crosstabulation

Answer 4

A tabular summary of data for two variables. The classes for one variable are represented by the rows; the classes for the other variable are represented by the columns.

Question 5

Cumulative Frequency Distribution

Answer 5

A tabular summary of quantitative data showing the number of data values that are less than or equal to the upper class limit of each class.

Question 6

Cumulative Percent Frequency Distribution

Answer 6

A tabular summary of quantitative data showing the percentage of data values that are less than or equal to the upper class limit of each class.

Question 7

Cumulative Relative Frequency Distribution

Answer 7

A tabular summary of quantitative data showing the fraction or proportion of data values that are less than or equal to the upper class limit of each class.

Question 8

Data Dashboard

Answer 8

A set of visual displays that organizes and presents information that is used to monitor the performance of a company or organization in a manner that is easy to read, understand, and interpret.

Question 9

Data Visualization

Answer 9

A term used to describe the use of graphical displays to summarize and present information about a data set.

Question 10

Dot Plot

Answer 10

A graphical device that summarizes data by the number of dots above each data value on the horizontal axis.

Question 11

Frequency Distribution

Answer 11

A tabular summary of data showing the number (frequency) of observations in each of several nonoverlapping categories or classes.

Question 12

Histogram

Answer 12

A graphical display of a frequency distribution, relative frequency distribution, or percent frequency distribution of quantitative data constructed by placing the class intervals on the horizontal axis and the frequencies, relative frequencies, or percent frequencies on the vertical axis.

Question 13

Percent Frequency Distribution

Answer 13

A tabular summary of data showing the percentage of observations in each of several nonoverlapping classes.

Question 14

Pie Chart

Answer 14

A graphical device for presenting data summaries based on subdivision of a circle into sectors that correspond to the relative frequency for each class.

Question 15

Quantitative Data

Answer 15

Numerical values that indicate how much or how many.

Question 16

Relative Frequency Distribution

Answer 16

A tabular summary of data showing the fraction or proportion of observations in each of several nonoverlapping categories or classes.

Question 17

Scatter Diagram

Answer 17

A graphical display of the relationship between two quantitative variables. One variable is shown on the horizontal axis and the other variable is shown on the vertical axis.

Question 18

Side-by-Side Bar Chart

Answer 18

A graphical display for depicting multiple bar charts on the same display.

Question 19

Simpson’s Paradox

Answer 19

Conclusions drawn from two or more separate crosstabulations that can be reversed when the data are aggregated into a single crosstabulation.

Question 20

Stacked Bar Chart

Answer 20

A bar chart in which each bar is broken into rectangular segments of a different color showing the relative frequency of each class in a manner similar to a pie chart.

Question 21

Stem-and-Leaf Display

Answer 21

A graphical display used to show simultaneously the rank order and shape of a distribution of data.

Question 22

Trendline

Answer 22

A line that provides an approximation of the relationship between two variables.