Chapter 2: Deploying Ethernet Cabling Flashcards
Relationship between physical and data link layer
Very closely related to one another, to the point that some industries routinely combine them in their products
What are the cons of satellite bandwidth, and where is useful for deployment?
Limited bandwidth; best for rural areas
What is a carrier wave?
wave that transmits electromagnetic radiation via modulation and encoding schemes
What is bandwidth?
Frequency range measured in cycles/sec or Hz
In data networking, amounts to amount of data that can be transferred in multiples of bits per sec (bps)
What do copper cables transmit?
Electrical signals
In what environment is copper cabling popular?
Offices and for LANs
What is twisted pair (TP) cabling?
Copper cabling consisting of copper pairs that each transmit the same signal, but at different polarity; for each pair within a given copper cable, the pairs are twisted at different rates to reduce interference and crosstalk
In what environments is TP popular?
For telephone systems and in data networks to connect devices to modems or routers
What is solid copper cabling and where is it deployed?
Copper cabling consisting of single thick wire/conductor that is deployed behind walls or through ducts
What is the AWG for solid copper cabling?
22 -24 AWG
What is stranded copper cabling and where is it deployed?
Copper cabling consisting of thin filament wires wrapped around one another that is commonly used for flex patch cords to connect devices to wall ports and switch ports to patch panel ports
What is AWG of stranded copper cabling?
26 AWG
What is a disadvantage of stranded copper cabling?
High attenuation
What is AWG?
American Wire Gauge
determines wire thickness, with a higher value indicating a thinner wire
What are the two subtypes of TP cabling?
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP)
What is UTP?
TP cabling that consists of four pairs of color-coded wires twisted around each other to prevent crosstalk
Of the types of TP cabling, which is the most commonly deployed?
UTP
What is flood wiring?
When cables are laid to every location in a building that may need to support a connected device
What are the two types of STP?
Screened and fully-shielded
What is screened STP?
Where 1 thin out foil is wrapped around all pairs
What names is screened STP known by?
Screened STP (ScTP), Foiled/Unshielded (F/UTP), Foiled Twisted Pair (FTP)
What is fully shielded STP?
Where foil is wrapped around all pairs and there is a braided outer screen
What names is fully shielded STP known by?
Shielded/Foiled (S/FTP), Foil Outer Shield (F/FTP)
What is a requirement concerning other components when deploying STP?
Connectors must also be shielded/screened
Where is STP deployed?
In environments with a lot of interference or when deploying certain Ethernet standards
What is a straight (or patch) cable?
Where both ends of the wire use the same standard for wiring
When and where is patch cable deployed?
Commonly in LAN networks to connect dissimilar devices together
What is crossover cable?
Where each end of a wire are wired using different standards
When is crossover cable used?
When connecting similar devices together
What are the names of the two wiring standards
568A and 568B
What is the order of wires for 568A?
WG, G, WO, Bl, WBL, O, WBr, Br
What is the order of wires for 568B?
WO, O, WG, Bl, WBl, G, WBr, Br
Where is 568A used?
TIA standard and US government mandated for residential cabling
Where is 568B used?
most common in US
Who created the CAT categories for cabling?
ANSI, Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA), Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)
What are the CAT categories for cabling?
3, 5, 5e, 6, 6a, 7, 8
From lowest to highest, indicates max speed
Which CAT cabling are largely obsolete?
CAT 3 and 5
What is the max speed for CAT 3 cabling and what Ethernet standard does it support?
10 Mbps, 10 BASE-T
What is the max speed for CAT 5 cabling and what Ethernet standard does it support?
100 Mbps, 100 BASE-TX
What is the max speed for CAT 5e cabling and what Ethernet standard does it support?
1 Gbps, Enhanced Ethernet: 10 Gbps cable length less than 100m
What is the max speed for CAT 6 cabling and what Ethernet standard does it support?
1 Gbps, 1000 BASE-T
What is the max speed for CAT 7 cabling and what Ethernet standard does it support?
10 Gbps, Added Shielding: 10G BASE-Tv
What is the max speed for CAT 6a cabling and what Ethernet standard does it support?
10 Gbps, Augmented Ethernet: 10G BASE-T
What is the max speed for CAT 8 cabling and what Ethernet standard does it support?
40 Gbps, 40G BASE-T (up to 30m)
Are CAT cables backwards compatible to lower Ethernet standards?
Yes
What is the distance restriction of CAT 6 cabling?
55m
What distances is CAT 6a used over?
Over 100 m
What is a disadvantage of CAT 6a?
It is bulkier than CAT 5e and may not fit into legacy pathways
What is CAT 6a TIA/EIA standard for?
For use in healthcare facilities
For Power Over Ethernet (POE) 802.3 bt installations
For horizontal connections to WAPs
Who does and does not recognize CAT 7 cabling?
Recognized by ISO, not by EIA/TIA recognized
What does CAT 8 cabling require?
Requires STP cabling
Where is CAT 8 cabling used?
In data centers for short patch cable runs
What are the two ISO CAT 8 types?
8.1 (Class I) and 8.2 (Class II)
What is ISO 8.1 cabling equivalent to?
TIA/EIA CAT 8
What is ISO 8.2 cabling?
CAT 8 cabling with additional outer shielding and screening
What is required for faster net applications, such as Gigabit Ethernet?
6a + wiring and 6a + patch panels, wall plates, and connectors
What are the five main types of copper cabling connectors?
RJ45, RJ11, RJ14/RJ25, GG45, and TERA
What is RJ45?
RJ = Registered Jack
Consists of 4 pairs, 8 wire cables (8P8C) with a snagless plastic retaining clip protected by a rubber boot
What is RJ11?
Consists of 2 or 3 pairs of UTP, with middle four of max six most commonly used
What are pins 3 and 4 of RJ11 used for?
dial tone and voice circuit
= tip and ring wires
Where are GG45 and TERA connectors used?
For CAT 7 and ISO 8.2 (Class II) cabling
What is difference in the conductor wires for CAT 7 and 8?
Solid color (vs striped white colors of other CAT cables) due to sensitivity
What is a plenum space?
A void in a building designed to carry HVAC and communication systems
What are the characteristics of fire-resistant plenum cable?
Does not emit large amounts of smoke when burned, is self-extinguishing, and meets other strict fire safety standards
What is fire-resistant plenum cable made of?
treated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or Fluorinated Ethylene Polymer (FEP)
Who rates fire-resistant plenum cable?
US National Electrical Code (NEC)
What is the rating for fire-resistant plenum cable?
CMP/MMP
What is non-plenum (general purpose) cable rated?
CMG/MMG or CM/MP
What is a riser?
Cabling that passes between two floors
What are the requirements for riser-rated cabling?
During installation, opening created must not allow fire to spread through conduit
Must meet fire safety standards, though not as strict as for plenum-rated cabling
What is the rating for riser-rated cabling?
CMR/MPR
What is co-axial (coax) cable?
Cable consisting of two conductors that share the same axis
What are the components of coax cable?
Core conductor made of solid or stranded wires
Plastic insulator that acts as a dielectric
Second conductor made of wire mesh
Tough plastic sheath
What is the Radio Grade (RG) standard?
Measure of core conductor thickness and cable’s characteristic impedance
What RG coaxial cabling is used for drop cable for Cable Access TV (CATV) and broadband cable modems?
RG-6 which consists of 18 AWG cable with 75 ohm impedance
What type of connectors are used for coax cable?
screw on F-connectors
What is twinaxial (twinax) cabling?
Coaxial cabling with two inner conductors