Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

politics p1 > CHAPTER 2 - democracy and participation: pressure groups and other influences in the right context > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2 - democracy and participation: pressure groups and other influences in the right context Flashcards

1
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a pressure group?

A
  • influence through external pressure, not government power
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the key features of a pressure group?

A
  1. External to government, aiming to influence policy, not make it
  2. Narrow issue focus; some focus on single issue or related issues
  3. Members united by a shared belief or common interest
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 4 different types of pressure groups?

A
  1. Interest groups
  2. Cause groups
  3. Insider groups
  4. Outsider groups
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are interest groups - with examples

A
  • they represent specific societal interests
  • e.g. NEU, CBI, TUC
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are cause groups - with examples

A
  • focus on shared values or causes
  • e.g. green peace, CPA, Shelter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are insider groups - with examples

A
  • regularly consulted by the government
  • e.g. core/peripheral insiders
  • core insiders: regular, meaningful government consultation
  • peripheral insiders: limited superficial government consultation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are outsider groups - with examples

A
  • no government ties, use the media and protests to gain influence
  • denied status: use public campaigns due to lack of access
  • choose outsider status: radical goals, resist government involvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the extinction rebellion movement? - type, methods, objectives, significance

A

Type
- outsider, cause group

Methods
- non-violent direct action, protests

Objectives
1. Declare climate emergency
2. Net-zero emissions by 2025
3. Citizens’ assembly on climate change

Significance
- achieved local and parliamentary climate emergency declarations
- media visibility raised public awareness on climate issues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are think tanks?

A
  • a group of experts that provide advice on political, economic, and social issues
  • research to shape policies, influence media, and present options
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of a think tank?

A

Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA) - market-focused, politically independent

  • provide diverse ideas and evidence, enabling the public and politicians to make informed decisions
  • seen as enriching democracy by conducting policy research, developing policy options and aiding debate
  • critics argue they favor corporate decisions interests due to funding sources and tack transparency, undermining democracy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are corporations?

A
  • they do not vote but significantly impact democratic society’s
  • large corporations like Tesco and Shell are crucial to the economy and seek large influence on laws and regulations affecting them (e.g. tax, environment, trade, workers’ rights)
  • viewed as necessary voices in democracy due to economic impact, providing expertise, and strong ties to the government
  • influence may overshadow others, creating an uneven playing field in politics
  • trade unions, the natural counterbalance to corporations have weakened since the 1970’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are lobbyists?

A

Aim to influence government decisions, with the UK lobbying industry valued at 2 billion euros annually

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the main advantages of lobbyists?

A
  • improves decision making quality; well organized and wealthy groups may have in-house lobbying teams
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the criticisms of lobbying?

A
  • can favor wealthy interests with access sometimes based on connections rather than past expertise
  • the 2014 transparency act (requires constant consultant lobbyists to register and disclose clients) = criticism remains as the act lacks provisions for transparency around meeting details, expenditures, and topics discussed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are rights?

A
  • rights which are common to all people
  • all humans > regardless of background
  • fundamental > inalienable, cannot be removed
  • essential for human life > upheld in all cases
17
Q

What are civil liberties?

A
  • rights within a country > protecting individuals from the state
  • core to democracy > limiting government power

Uk civil liberties development:
- civil liberties respected as democracy grew
- the basic principle was reinforced gradually through constitution events
> Magna Carta
> representation of the people act 1928: universal suffrage
> common law: rights to justice and courts

18
Q

What are some key features that help pressure groups achieve success?

A
  • prevention of unfriendly legislation or amendments to legislation
  • achieving insider status
  • success in finance
  • organisation
  • use of the media
  • involvement of celebrities
  • ideologically aligned with government
19
Q

How are rights protected in the UK?

A
  • consensus around rights in the UK began to change in the second half of the 20th century
    > drafting the universal declaration of human rights (1948) and European convention on Human Rights (ECHR) (1950)
    > ECHR protects the human rights of the people in countries that belong to the council of Europe
20
Q

What are the key rights in the Human Rights Act? (1998)

A

ARTICLE:

  1. Right to LIFE
  2. Prohibition of TORTURE
  3. Prohibition of SLAVERY/FORCED LABOUR
  4. Right to LIBERTY/SECURITY
  5. Right to FAIR TRIAL
  6. No PUNISHMENT without LAW
  7. Respect for PRIVATE/FAMILY LIFE
  8. Freedom of THOUGHT/RELIGION
  9. Freedom of EXPRESSION
  10. Freedom of ASSEMBLY/ASSOCIATION
  11. Right to MARRY
  12. Prohibition of DISCRIMINATION
21
Q

What are the key aims of the Human Rights act?

A
  1. Bring rights home - enabled UK courts to handle rights cases locally and allowed challenges to UK laws incompatible with the HRA
  2. Promote respect for rights - legal duty on public organisations to uphold human rights
  3. Raise public awareness - centralised rights in one document for easier access and understanding
22
Q

What were the key aims of the freedom of information act? (2001)

A
  • create a more open government (decisions should be open to scrutiny)
  • build trust and public confidence in the authorities (make it easier to hold public authorities accountable for their actions)
23
Q

What did the freedom of information act (2001) allow the public to do?

A
  • allows the public to access information held by the public authorities
    > they are required to publish certain information about their activities
24
Q

When was liberty founded and what does it campaign for (mission)?

A
  • 1934
  • campaigns for fair treatment and dignity
  • 10,500 members
  • defends human rights and civil liberties, challenges injustice, and campaigns for fair treatment
25
Q

What are the significant cases in Liberty?

A
  1. Gillian and Quinton (2003)
    - challenged stop-and-search powers under Terrorism Act 2000
  2. Counter-Terrorism Bill (2003)
    - opposed 42-day detention for terror suspects
  3. Identity cards Act (2006)
    - opposed identity cards as an erosion of civil liberties
  4. Mass surveillance
    - opposed government surveillance programs
26
Q

What are the activities of the Liberty?

A
  • landmark legal cases, policy advocacy, government lobbying, media engagement, and providing free legal advice
27
Q

What was the purpose of the equality act 2010?

A
  • combined 116 discrimination laws to strengthen and clarify protections
    > lay out the ways it is unlawful to treat someone in the workplace and in wider society
    > lays out what an individual can do if they feel that they have been discriminated against
    > requires public bodies to pay attention to eliminating discrimination
28
Q

What are the protected characteristics of the Equality Act 2010?

A
  • age
  • race
  • disability
  • religion
  • gender reassignment
  • marriage
  • pregnancy
  • sex
  • sexual orientation

politics p1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions