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Medical Terminology > Chapter 2 definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 2 definitions Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anabolism

A

Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids

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2
Q

Catabolism

A

Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.

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4
Q

Chromosomes

A

Rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contains the regions of DNA called genes.

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5
Q

Cytoplasm

A

All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

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6
Q

DNA

A

Chemical found within each chromosome

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7
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

networks of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell

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8
Q

Genes

A

Regions of DNA within each chromosome

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9
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

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10
Q

Metabolism

A

Total of the chemical processes in a cell

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

Rod shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell

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12
Q

Nucleus

A

Control center of the cell

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13
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells

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14
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at the joint

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15
Q

Epithelial cells

A

Skin cells that cover the outside of body and line the internal surfaces of organs

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16
Q

Histologist

A

Specialist in the study of tissues

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17
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box; located above the trachea

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18
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

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19
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

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20
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck

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21
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe

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22
Q

Ureter

A

One of two tubes each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder

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23
Q

Urethra

A

Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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24
Q

Uterus

A

Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops

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25
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen

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26
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Space below the chest containing the organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines

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27
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

28
Q

Diaphragm

A

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavitites

29
Q

Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back.

30
Q

Mediastinum

A

Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs

31
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.

32
Q

Peritoneum

A

Double- folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity.

33
Q

Pleura

A

Double- folded membrane surrounding each lung.

34
Q

Pleural Cavity

A

Space between the pleural layers

35
Q

Spinal cavity

A

Space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord.

36
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus and other organs.

37
Q

Ventral

A

Pertaining to the front.

38
Q

Pleural effusion

A

collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

39
Q

Ascites

A

Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

40
Q

hypochondriac

A

right and left upper regions beneath the ribs

41
Q

epigastric

A

Middle upper region above the stomach

42
Q

Lumbar

A

right and left middle regions near the waist

43
Q

umbilical

A

central region near the navel

44
Q

inguinal

A

right and left lower regions near the groin

45
Q

hypogastric

A

middle lower region below the umbilical region

46
Q

Vertebra

A

single backbone

47
Q

Vertebrae

A

backbones

48
Q

Spinal Column

A

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

49
Q

Spinal cord

A

Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

50
Q

disc

A

Pad of cartilage between vertebrae

51
Q

Anterior

A

Front surface of the body

52
Q

Deep

A

Away from the surface

53
Q

Distal

A

Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure

54
Q

Frontal plane

A

Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions

55
Q

Inferior

A

Below another structure: pertaining to the lower portion of the body

56
Q

Lateral

A

Pertaining to the side

57
Q

Medial

A

Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

58
Q

Posterior

A

Back surface of the body

59
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly

60
Q

Proximal

A

Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure

61
Q

Sagittal plane

A

dividing right from left

62
Q

Superficial

A

on the surface

63
Q

Superior

A

Above another structure; pertaining to the head.

64
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back

65
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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