Chapter 2 definitions Flashcards
Anabolism
Process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids
Catabolism
Process whereby complex nutrients are broken down to simpler substances and energy is released
Cell membrane
Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell.
Chromosomes
Rod shaped structures in the nucleus that contains the regions of DNA called genes.
Cytoplasm
All of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane
DNA
Chemical found within each chromosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
networks of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell
Genes
Regions of DNA within each chromosome
Karyotype
Picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
Metabolism
Total of the chemical processes in a cell
Mitochondria
Rod shaped structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell
Adipose tissue
Collection of fat cells
Cartilage
Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at the joint
Epithelial cells
Skin cells that cover the outside of body and line the internal surfaces of organs
Histologist
Specialist in the study of tissues
Larynx
Voice box; located above the trachea
Pharynx
Throat
Pituitary gland
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain
Thyroid gland
Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck
Trachea
Windpipe
Ureter
One of two tubes each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder
Urethra
Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
Uterus
Womb; the organ that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops
Viscera
Internal organs in the main cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen
Abdominal Cavity
Space below the chest containing the organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines
Cranial Cavity
Space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull
Diaphragm
muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavitites
Dorsal
Pertaining to the back.
Mediastinum
Centrally located space outside of and between the lungs
Pelvic Cavity
Space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs.
Peritoneum
Double- folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity.
Pleura
Double- folded membrane surrounding each lung.
Pleural Cavity
Space between the pleural layers
Spinal cavity
Space within the spinal column containing the spinal cord.
Thoracic Cavity
Space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus and other organs.
Ventral
Pertaining to the front.
Pleural effusion
collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
Ascites
Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
hypochondriac
right and left upper regions beneath the ribs
epigastric
Middle upper region above the stomach
Lumbar
right and left middle regions near the waist
umbilical
central region near the navel
inguinal
right and left lower regions near the groin
hypogastric
middle lower region below the umbilical region
Vertebra
single backbone
Vertebrae
backbones
Spinal Column
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
Spinal cord
Nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
disc
Pad of cartilage between vertebrae
Anterior
Front surface of the body
Deep
Away from the surface
Distal
Far from the point of attachment to the trunk or far from the beginning of a structure
Frontal plane
Vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions
Inferior
Below another structure: pertaining to the lower portion of the body
Lateral
Pertaining to the side
Medial
Pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body
Posterior
Back surface of the body
prone
lying on the belly
Proximal
Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of a structure
Sagittal plane
dividing right from left
Superficial
on the surface
Superior
Above another structure; pertaining to the head.
Supine
Lying on the back
Transverse Plane
Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions
