Chapter 2: Culture

Question 1

Culture

Answer 1

the language, beliefs, values, norms, behaviors, and even material objects that characterize a group and are passed from one generation to the next

Question 2

Material culture

Answer 2

the material objects that distinguish a group of people, such as their art, building, weapons etc

Question 3

non material culture

Answer 3

symbolic culture, a group’s ways of thinking and doing including its beliefs, values and other assumptions about the world

Question 4

Culture and taken for granted orientations to life

Answer 4

take our speech our gestures our beliefs and our customs for granted. we assume that they are normal and natural. without question

Question 5

Culture shock

Answer 5

The disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can no longer depend on their taken for granted assumptions about life.

Question 6

Ethnocentrism

Answer 6

the use of one’s own culture as a yard stick for judging the ways of other individuals or societies, generally leading to a negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors.

Question 7

cultural relativism

Answer 7

not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms.

Question 8

Robert Edgerton said that

Answer 8

sick societies

Question 9

Symbolic culture

Answer 9

gesture language values norms (expectations or rules of behavior, essential core of values), sanctions (either expressions of approval given to people for upholding norms or expressions of disapproval for violating them), taboo (not allowed to even mentioned) mores is strict pushed norms for well being (covering genitals in public etc) folkway is soft way of norms

Question 10

Subculture

Answer 10

the values and related behaviors of a group that distinguish its members from the larger culture. a world within a world. comic book fans, taylor swift fans, lol players

Question 11

counterculture

Answer 11

a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader culture. Queers and drags etc
feminists

Question 12

pluralistic society

Answer 12

a society made up of many different groups, with contrasting values, and orientations to life

Question 13

value cluster

Answer 13

values that together form a larger whole

Question 14

emerging values

Answer 14

wish fullfilment, youthfulness, care for the environment etc

Question 15

ideal culture

Answer 15

success etc

Question 16

real culture

Answer 16

the norms and values that people actually follow

Question 17

cultural universal

Answer 17

a value, norm, or other cultural trait, that is found in every group games music marriage funeral etc

Question 18

Sociobiology

Answer 18

a framework of thought that views human behavior as the result of natural selection and considers biological factors to be the fundamental cause of human behavior

Question 19

Technology

Answer 19

tools; the skills or procedures necessary to make and use those tools

Question 20

new technology

Answer 20

the emerging technologies of an are that have a significant impact on social life

Question 21

cultural lag

Answer 21

Obgurn’s term for human behavior lagging behind technological innovations. material culture usually changes first with non material culture lagging behind.

Question 22

cultural diffusion

Answer 22

spread of cultural traits from one group to another.

Question 23

cultural leveling

Answer 23

the process by which cultures become similar to one another, western culture spread etc