Chapter 2 - Courts and Alternative Dispute Resolution Flashcards

1
Q

Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)

A

The resolution of disputes in ways other than those involved in the traditional judicial process. Negotiation, mediation, and arbitration are forms of ADR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Arbitration

A

The settling of a dispute by submitting it to a disinterested third party (other than a court), who renders a decision. The decision may or may not be legally binding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Arbitration Clause

A

A clause in a contract that provides that, in the event of a dispute, the parties will submit the dispute to arbitration rather than litigate the dispute in court.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Award

A

In the context of litigation, the amount of money awarded to a plaintiff in a civil lawsuit as damages. In the context of arbitration, the arbitrator’s decision.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Bankruptcy Court

A

A federal court of limited jurisdiction that handles only bankruptcy proceedings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Concurrent jurisdiction

A

Jurisdiction that exists when two different courts have the power to hear a case. For example, some cases can be heard in either a federal or a state court.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diversity of Citizenship

A

Under Article III, Section 2, of the Constitution, a basis for federal court jurisdiction over a lawsuit between (1) citizens of different states, (2) a foreign country and citizens of a state or of different states, or (3) citizens of a state and citizens or subjects of a foreign country. The amount in controversy must be more than $75,000 before a federal court can take jurisdiction in such cases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Early Neutral Case Evaluation

A

A form of alternative dispute resolution in which a neutral third party evaluates the strengths and weakness of the disputing parties’ positions. The evaluator’s opinion forms the basis for negotiating a settlement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Exclusive Jurisdiction

A

Jurisdiction that exists when a case can be heard only in a particular court or type of court, such as a federal court or a state court.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Federal Question

A

A question that pertains to the U.S. Constitution, acts of Congress, or treaties. A federal question provides a basis for federal jurisdiction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In Personam Jurisdiction

A

Court jurisdiction over the “person” involved in a legal action; personal jurisdiction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In Rem Jurisdiction

A

Court jurisdiction over a defendant’s property.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Judicial Review

A

The process by which courts decide on the constitutionality of legislative enactments and actions of the executive branch.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Jurisdiciton

A

The authority of a court to hear a case and decide a specific action.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Litigation

A

The process of resolving a dispute through the court system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Long Arm Statute

A

A state statute that permits a state to obtain personal jurisdiction over nonresident defendants. A defendant must have “minimum contacts” with that state for the statute to apply.

17
Q

Mediation

A

A method of settling disputes outside of court by using the services of a neutral third party, called a mediator. The mediator acts as a communicating agent between the parties and suggests ways in which the parties can resolve their dispute.

18
Q

Mini-Trial

A

A private proceeding in which each party to a dispute argues its position before the other side. A neutral third party may be present and act as an adviser if the parties fail to reach an agreement.

19
Q

Negotiation

A

In regard to dispute settlement, a process in which parties attempt to settle their dispute without going to court, with or without attorneys to represent them. In regard to negotiable instruments, the transfer of an instrument in such a way that the transferee (the person to whom the instrument is transferred) becomes a holder.

20
Q

Online Dispute Resolution (ODR)

A

The resolution of disputes with the assistance of organizations that offer dispute-resolution services via the Internet.

21
Q

Probate Court

A

A state court of limited jurisdiction that conducts proceedings relating to the settlement of a deceased person’s estate.

22
Q

Question of Fact

A

In a lawsuit, an issue involving a factual dispute. A question of fact can be decided by a judge or a jury.

23
Q

Question of Law

A

In a lawsuit, an issue involving the application of interpretation of a law. Only a judge, and not a jury, can decide a question of law.

24
Q

Rule of Four

A

A rule of the United States Supreme Court under which the Court will not issue a with or certiorari unless at least four justices agree to do so.

25
Q

Small Claims Court

A

Special courts in which parties may litigate small claims (usually, calims involving $2,500 or less). Attorneys are not required in small claims courts and in many states are nor allowed to represent the parties.

26
Q

Standing to Sue

A

The requirement that an individual must have a sufficient stake in a controversy before he or she can bring a lawsuit. The plaintiff must demonstrate that he or she has been either injured or threatened with injury.

27
Q

Summary Jury Trial

A

A method of settling disputes in which a trial is held, but the jury’s verdict is not binding. The verdict acts only as a guide to both sides in reaching an agreement during the mandatory negotiations that immediately follow the summary jury trial.

28
Q

Venue

A

The geographical district in which an action is tried and from which the jury is selected.

29
Q

Writ of Certiorari

A

A writ from a higher court asking the lower court for the record of a case.