Chapter 2 - Content and Contextual Analysis of Selected Primary Sources in Philippine History Flashcards
An explorer and chronicler on Magellan’s expedition (1519-1522), born circa 1491 in Vicenza, Italy. He was one of the few who completed the circumnavigation and authored “First Voyage Around the World”
Antonio Pigafetta
Born around 1480 in Sabrosa, Portugal. Served in the Portuguese navy, participating in various voyages to Asia and Africa. Became determined to find a western route to the Spice Islands (the Moluccas) after realizing the potential for trade. After being denied support by Portugal, he secured sponsorship from King Charles I of Spain in 1518.
Ferdinand Magellan
What was Magellan’s primary goal for his voyage?
Ferdinand Magellan was determined to find a western route to the Spice Islands (the Moluccas) after realizing the potential for trade.
What global events influenced Magellan’s voyage?
- The rise of the Ottoman Empire, which monopolized trade routes, and
- the Treaty of Tordesillas
What were the names of the ships that accompanied Magellan, and what happened to them?
The ships were;
* Santiago (wrecked near Puerto San Julian),
* San Antonio (deserted and sailed home),
* Concepcion (burned after the battle of Mactan),
* Trinidad (captured by the Portuguese), and
* Victoria (the only ship that returned to Spain).
A Malay slave acquired by the Portuguese and sold to Magellan. He was known as a translator and navigator and may have been the first Southeast Asian to circumnavigate the globe.
Enrique de Malacca
Name some of the local chieftains Magellan encountered in the Philippines.
Magellan encountered;
* Rajah Siagu (Chief of Humunu),
* Rajah Calambu (Chief of Zuluan and Calagan),
* Rajah Humabon (Chief of Cebu), and
* Lapulapu (Chief from Matan)
What does Primus Inter Pares mean?
First among equals
What did the “fixation in gold” by the explorers suggest about the purpose of the exploration?
The fixation in gold suggests that the purpose of the exploration was likely driven by economic interests.
What is one political implication of the encounters with various chiefs in the pre-colonial Philippines?
The presence of different polities suggests that the archipelago’s early political system was complex, with independently functioning territories ruled by chieftains.
What is an example of a cultural interaction between Magellan’s crew and the early inhabitants?
The offertory of food to the foreigners and the blood compact between Humabon and Magellan were examples of cultural interactions.
What evidence suggests that Cebu was already a significant economic hub before the Spanish arrival?
Cebu was already a flourishing trade route that welcomed many foreigners from neighboring countries, indicating a healthy and harmonious relationship with nearby trading partners.
What major global and national events influenced the KKK?
- The French Revolution and the
- Age of Enlightenment,
- the opening of the Suez Canal (1869),
- the execution of GomBurZa (1872), and the
- founding of the La Liga Filipina (1892) were influential events.
Born on December 15, 1875, was a member of the Supreme Council and a key leader and propagandist of the Katipunan. He used the pen name “Pingkian”.
Emilio Jacinto
What are the two (2) literary contributions of Emilio Jacinto?
- A La Patria
- Liwanag at Dilim
What was the main aim of the Katipunan?
The primary aim of the Katipunan, founded by Bonifacio in July 1892, was to seek total independence from Spain.
- A short-lived civic organization,
- Founded by Rizal on July 3, 1892,
- Which primary aim is to seek for reform in the Philippines,
- Eventually dissolutioned that led to the founding of the Cuerpo de Compromisarios and the KKK.
La Liga Filipina (1892)
- A revolutionary movement
- Founded by Bonifacio on July 1892,
- Which primary aim is to seek for total independence from Spain,
- Initiated the unified revolt against the colonial power and eventually succeed in attaining independence from Spain.
Kataastaasan Kagalanggalangan Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan
Served as the guidebook for new members of the Katipunan, aiming for independence from Spain. It emphasized;
* Moral and Nationalistic Foundation
* Concept of Good Living
* Internal Modification for Greatness
* Members as Knowledge Bearers
* Revolutionary Intellectualism
Kartilya ng Katipunan
According to Rule No. 1 of the Kartilya, what kind of life is considered meaningless?
According to Rule No. 1, a life not dedicated to a lofty and reasonable purpose is like a tree without shade, but rather a poisonous weed.
What does Rule No. 14 of the Kartilya envision for the Philippines?
Rule No. 14 envisions that when the teachings of the Kartilya are known, the “sun of Liberty” will rise over the Philippines, bringing everlasting joy to a united people.
What does Rule No. 4 of the Kartilya state about equality?
Rule No. 4 states that whether our skin be black or white, we are all born equal; superiority in knowledge, wealth, and beauty are understood, but not superiority by nature.
What is the essence of Rule No. 12, drawing from the golden rule?
Rule No. 12 states that what one does not desire done unto their wife, children, brothers, and sisters, they should not do unto the wife, children, brothers, and sisters of their neighbor, reflecting the golden rule.
According to Rule No. 11, how should women be regarded?
According to Rule No. 11, women should not be looked upon as mere playthings but as faithful companions who share life’s difficulties and should be treated with respect, remembering the mother who bore and reared.
