Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Building Construction Questions > Chapter 2 - Concepts Of Construction > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Concepts Of Construction Flashcards

1
Q

What is the eternal enemy of every building?

A

Force of gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

“Forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes” are according to which NFPA?

A

NFPA 5000: Building Construction and Safety Code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A load may be a _______ load and an ________ load at the same time.

A

Live; impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is an external force that acts on a structure?

A

Load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the internal forces that resist the load?

A

Stress and strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the force per unit area that produces a deformation?

A

Stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the actual percentage of elongation (deformation) that occurs when a material is stressed? Measured in fractions of an inch of deformation per inch of original length of the material.

A

Strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the four types of forces that can be allied to a structural member?

A

Compression, tension, torsion, and shear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which force is one in which the force squeezes a structural member, such as a concrete column supporting a floor?

A

Compressive force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

________ forces stretch a member such as a steel cable that is supporting a suspended walkway.

A

Tensile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

___________ force is a twisting force such as that created by turning a screwdriver on a screw;

A

Torsional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

_____ force occur within a building member when opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions and are often results of ____ loads.

A

Shear; wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

____ is the weight of the building itself and any equipment permanently attached to it or built in.

A

Dead load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

____ ________ is closely related to mass.

A

Fire resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A structure’s dead load is often _________ during alteration of a building.

A

increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

____ are any loads other than dead loads.

A

Live loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In 1978, the __________ roof of the Hartford Civic Center in Hartford, Connecticut, collapsed under a heavy snow load.

A

spaceframe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

______ are loads that are delivered in a short time.

A

Impact loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

__________ ________ is a particular hazard in the construction of concrete frame buildings.

A

Progressive collapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

______ _____ are loads that are applied slowly and remain constant.

A

Static loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A heavy safe is an example of a ____, ______ load; it is not a dead load.

A

Live; static

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

________ are loads that are applied intermittently.

A

Repeated loads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

____ is the force applied to a building by the wind.

A

Wind load

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

_____ ____ are installed in buildings to resist lateral loads from wind and earthquakes.

A

Shear wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
______ _____ and the ______ ______, are used in buildings to resist lateral wind and earthquake lids.
Braced frame; moment frame
26
______ _____ uses diagonal members for bracing purposes.
Braced frame
27
_______ _____ use special moment connections between columns and beams that resist rotation.
Moment frames
28
______ refers to a force causing rotation of a structural member around a fixed point of connection.
Moment
29
In old buildings and railroad bridges, heavy riveting of girders to columns from top to bottom of the frame is called ______ ______.
Portal bracing
30
_________ ______ are designed to stiffen the building against wind and other lateral loss such as earthquakes.
Diaphragm floors
31
Unique giant __________ trusses (rectangular trusses with very rigid corner bracing), formed by exterior box columns and spandrels.
Vierendeel
32
__________ are heavy lids located at one point in a building.
Concentrated loads
33
A steel beam resting on masonry wall is an example of a ___________ ___ load.
Concentrated dead
34
A safe is a ______________ ____ load.
Concentrated live
35
An _____ ____ is a force that passes through the centroid of the section under construction.
Axial load
36
An _____ ____ is perpendicular to the plane of the section.
Axial load
37
A structure will sustain its greatest load when the load is _____.
Axial
38
An _________ ____ is a force that is perpendicular to the plane of the section but does not pass through the center of the section.
Eccentric load
39
____ ____ represents the potential fuel available to a fire.
Fire load
40
____ ____ represents the total amount of potential energy in the fuel.
Fire load
41
____ _______ ____ indicates the rate of available energy released.
Heat release rate
42
Wood, paper, and similar materials are estimated at ____ Btu/lb.
8,000
43
Plastics and combustible liquids, _____ BTU/lb is a common estimate, though the caloric value for some of these fields is much higher.
16,000
44
Overloaded beams are sometimes restored by inserting a ___ ___, which goes up through the building, generally to a truss or beam extending from wall to wall in the cockloft.
Tie rod
45
The ______ ______ represents the ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to safe working stress.
Safety factor
46
_________ is a relatively inexpensive material that is strong in compression but weak in tension; steel is strong in both ways.
Concrete
47
A _______ _____ ______ is made by sandwiching a piece of steel between two wooden beams.
Flitch plate girder
48
The term “_________ ____________” is sometimes used to describe buildings in which two different materials carry structural loads.
Composite construction
49
Elements (or members) that are assembled together into a structure are often called a ___________ _____.
Structural frame
50
A ____ transmits forces in a direction perpendicular to such forces to the reaction points (points of support).
Beam
51
The line along which the length of the beam does not change is termed the ________ ____ or plane.
Neutral axis
52
The load l-carrying capacity of a beam increases by the ______ of its depth.
Square
53
A ______ ____ is supported at two points near its end.
Simple beam
54
A __________ ____ is supported at three or more points.
Continuous beam
55
A _____ ____ is supported at two points and rigidly held in position at both points.
Fixed beam
56
An ___________ ____ projects beyond its support, but not far enough to be a cantilever.
Overhanging beam
57
A _______ is diagonal member that supports what would otherwise be cantilever.
Bracket
58
A _____ _____ or ___ _____ is a lightweight steel trusses joist.
Steel joist; bar joist
59
A _______ is any beam, of any material that supports other beams.
Girder
60
A _______ _______ is made of steel plates and angles riveted together, as distinguished from a girder rolled from one piece of steel.
Built-up girder
61
A ________ ______ is a beam that carries the load on the exterior of a framed building between the top of one window and the bottom of the window above.
Spandrel girder
62
A _____ is a beam that spans an opening in a masonry wall.
Lintel
63
A ________ is a series of closely spaced beams designed to carry a particularly heavy load.
Grillage
64
A __________ ____ is supported at only one end, but it is rigidly held in position at that end.
Cantilever beam
65
A _________ ____ is a simple beam, with one or one both ends suspended on a tension member such as a chain, cable, or rod. Typical theater marquee is a ________ ____
Suspended beam
66
A ________ ____ moves loads laterally when it is not convenient to arrange columns one above the other — the ideal arrangement.
Transfer beam
67
A _____ is a type of beam, a framed structure consisting of a triangle or group of triangles arranged in a single plane in such a manner that loads applied at the points of intersections of the members will cause only direct stresses (tension or compression) in the members.
Truss
68
The top and bottom members of the truss are called ______. The compressive connecting members are called ______. The tensile connecting members are called ____. Connections are called _____ ______.
Chords; struts; ties; panel points
69
As a group, the struts, ties, and panel points are called the ___.
Web
70
The principal types of trusses can be described by their _______ __________.
Overall appearance
71
The top chord of a truss is in ___________. The bottom chord is in _______.
Compression; tension
72
A truss with two compression members is called a _____ ____ _____.
Queen post truss
73
A ______ is a structural member that transmits a compressive force along a straight path in the direction of the member.
Column
74
Nonvertical columns are often called by other names, such as struts or ______, which are diagonal columns with brace foundation piling.
Rakers
75
A ____ is a line of columns in any direction.
Bent
76
If a line of columns is specifically braced to resist wind, it is called a ____ ____.
Wind bent
77
A ___ is the floor area between any two vents.
Bay
78
A ______ is a freestanding masonry load-carrying column, as in a cathedral.
Pillar
79
There are _____ types of columns, which can be differentiated by the manner in which they generally fail.
Three
80
_____ are short, squat columns, which fail by ________.
Pier; crushing
81
Long, slender columns fail by ________.
Buckling
82
___________ columns can fail by crushing or buckling.
Intermediate
83
Very long thin columns are known as ______ ___ columns.
Euler’s Law
84
Walls are classified in two main divisions: ___________ walls and ______________ walls.
Load-bearing; non-load-bearing
85
Veneer walls, panel walls (curtain walls), and partition walls are some examples of ___-____-______ walls.
Non-load-bearing
86
_______ ________ ____ ____ walls act as vertical cantilevers when being erected and are braced by tormentors or temporary bracing poles.
Precast concrete tilt slab walls
87
__________ are masonry structures built on the outside surface of the wall.
Buttresses
88
_________ are masonry columns projecting from one or both faces of the wall in which they are located.
Pilasters
89
____ _______ are columns of steel, reinforced concrete, or solid masonry in a block wall.
Wall columns
90
______ or _______ walls are built of two wythes separated by a space for rain drainage or insulation.
Cavity or hollow
91
The ________ is the last stone set in place in an arch, but once in place, it is no more important than other stones.
Keystone
92
A _________ _____ is one that describes a portion of the circumference of a circle, but it is not the only arch form.
Segmental arch
93
_______ and _______ arches are found in churches and similar buildings.
Gothic; trefoil
94
____ arches are constructed by tapering masonry units.
Flat
95
__________ ____ _____ arches are common in 19th-century and early 20th-century buildings.
Hollow-tile flat floor
96
The _____ _____ derived from the arch.
Rigid frame
97
A building is said to be ______ when the elements are connected by simple connectors such as bolts, rivets, or welded joints.
Pinned
98
A __________ ________ structure is one in which the successive poured castings are joined together so that completes building is like one piece of stone.
Monolithic concrete
99
Precast concrete buildings may be pinned or may be made monolithic by the use of ___ ______ in which cast-in-place concrete unites rods that project from precast sections.
Wet joints
100
Some steel buildings have connections that redirect overloads to other sections of the building. This is called _______ ______.
Plastic design.
101
Steel heated to ____ F elongates __ inches per ___ feet of length.
1,000; 9.5; 100
102
Heavy timber buildings were often built with ____-________ ______ in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Self-releasing floors

Building Construction Questions (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions