Chapter 2 Concept Questions Flashcards
Learn about media & the five I's
Liquid is one of the ______ states which is used to classify microbial media.
physical
Media that contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically definable are called ______ or nonsynthetic.
complex
Media with a firmness midway between that of a broth (a liquid medium) and an ordinary solid medium are called ______ media.
semisolid
Select all that apply
Media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined include which of the following?
☐Blood and serum
☐Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts
☐Sodium chloride
☐Disodium hydrogen phosphate
☐Cell secretions
☑Blood and serum
☑Extracts of animals, plants, or yeasts
☑Cell secretions
The polysaccharide found in a sea alga that is commonly used to prepare solid culture media is called ______.
agar
DNA detection technologies have shown that there are ______ microbes that we don’t know how to cultivate in the lab than those we do.
many more
Select all that apply
Which of the following attributes make agar an ideal solidifying agent for culturing media?
Multiple select question.
☐It is solid at room temperature.
☐It is readily available but expensive.
☐It is a nutrient for many microbes.
☐It holds moisture and nutrients.
☑It is solid at room temperature.
☑It holds moisture and nutrients.
Select all that apply
General purpose media ______.
Multiple select question.
☐include nutrient agar and broth
☐usually contain a mixture of nutrients
☐grow a broad spectrum of microbes
☐include Mannitol salt and MacConkey agar
☐are usually non-synthetic
☐are usually chemically defined synthetic media
☑include nutrient agar and broth
☑usually contain a mixture of nutrients
☑grow a broad spectrum of microbes
☑are usually non-synthetic
Which of the following media can be described precisely as to its chemical content?
Multiple choice question.
○Defined
○General purpose
○Brain-Heart Infusion Broth
○Complex
●Defined
Sabouraud’s agar restricts the growth of bacteria and is an example of a 1.[ ] medium, whereas Mannitol salt agar can determine which species of Staphylococcus is present, making it an example of a 2.[ ] medium.
- Selective
- Differential
Select all that apply
Which types of media contain at least one ingredient that is not chemically defined?
Multiple select question.
☐Complex
☐Chemically defined
☐Synthetic
☐Blood agar
☑Complex
☑Blood agar
Which term describes a discrete mound of cells growing on a solid nutrient surface?
Multiple choice question.
○ petri dish
○ assay medium
○ mixed culture
○ colony
●colony
All of the following are media ingredients that cannot be chemically defined EXCEPT
○ serum
○ blood
○ meat extracts or infusions
○ sodium chloride
●sodium chloride
“Inspection” begins the process using the Five “I” procedure for culturing microorganisms.
○True
○False
●False
Given the vast diversity of microbes in nature, _____ microbes can be cultured on artificial medium.
Multiple choice question.
○most
○all
○some
●some
Which type(s) of organisms are usually observed with light microscopes?
Multiple choice question.
○Prions
○Arthropods
○Bacteria
○Viruses
●Bacteria
General purpose media are characterized by ______.
Multiple choice question.
○allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes
○containing only one nonsynthetic nutrient
○being synthetic and chemically definable
●allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes
Selective media cannot be differential.
○True
○False
False
For a light microscope, the lens that is normally located directly above the stage is called the ______ lens.
objective
When adequately separated from other cells, an individual bacterial cell can grow into a discrete mound of cells called a(n)
colonies
Select all that apply
The total power of magnification of the final image is a product of the separate powers of which two microscope components?
Multiple select question.
☐objective lens
☐aperture
☐diaphragm
☐condenser
☐ocular lens
☑objective lens
☑ocular lens
[ ] is part of the Five I’s of culturing microorganisms and is based on visual observations of microscopic and macroscopic growth characteristics.
Inspection
This image of a Paramecium was obtained using _____ microscopy.
○bright-field
○dark-field
○fluorescence
○scanning electron
●bright-field
The ______ microscope is used to visualize most types of bacteria.
○electron
○light
○atomic force
●light
Select all that apply
The techniques used to prepare specimens for optical microscopy depend on ______.
Multiple select question.
☐The number of microbes present
☐The type of microscopy available
☐The aims of the examiner
☐The condition of the specimen
☑The type of microscopy available
☑The aims of the examiner
☑The condition of the specimen
To which part of the microscope is the arrow pointing?
Multiple choice question.
○objective lens
○coarse adjustment knob
○ocular lens
●objective lens
A specimen for [ ] microscopy is generally prepared first by placing a sample on a glass slide.
light or optical
The total power of magnification is calculated by the product of the separate powers of the 1.[ ] lens and the 2.[ ] lens.
1.ocular
2.objective
Visualization of living, motile cells can be achieved using a(n)
[ ] mount.
wet
Which type of microscopy was used to obtain this image of a Paramecium?
Multiple choice question.
○dark-field
○scanning electron
○bright-field
○fluorescence
●dark-field
Select all that apply
A hanging drop slide is used to assess which of the following?
Multiple select question.
☐Motility
☐Ability to ferment lactose
☐Size of cells
☐Ability to retain dye
☑Motility
☑Size of cells
The aims of the examiner, such as whether to observe overall structure or to observe motility, influence the manner in which specimen is prepared for optical microscopy.
○True
○False
●True
Spreading a thin film made from a liquid suspension of cells on a slide and air drying it are steps involved in making a [ ]
smear or fixed smear
General purpose media are characterized by ______.
Multiple choice question.
○allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes
○containing only one nonsynthetic nutrient
○being synthetic and chemically definable
●allowing the growth of a broad range of microbes
To simultaneously kill and secure a specimen to the glass slide,
[ ] is used in smear preparation.
heat fixation
A specimen for optical microscopy is generally prepared first by ______.
Multiple choice question.
○mounting the sample on a glass slide
○killing the sample
○using a fixative on the sample
○staining the sample in solution
●mounting the sample on a glass slide
The procedure that involves applying colored chemicals (dyes) to specimens is called [ ]
staining
A wet mount is suitable for observing ______.
Multiple choice question.
○dry, motile or non-motile cells
○living, motile or non-motile cells
○stained, motile or non-motile cells
●living, motile or non-motile cells
Select all that apply
Which three of the following are needed to prepare a hanging drop slide?
Multiple select question.
☐A coverslip
☐Metal coating
☐A depression slide
☐An anionic dye
☐A standard glass slide
☐Sealant
☑A coverslip
☑A depression slide
☑Sealant
Select all that apply
What is involved in making a smear?
Multiple select question.
☐Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide
☐Applying a liquid suspension to a cover slip
☐Staining the slide background and then applying cells
☐Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide
☑Air drying a liquid application on a glass slide
☑Spreading a thin film of suspended cells on a glass slide
Select all that apply
Heat fixing a sample in microscopy is used for ______.
Multiple select question.
☐making a more permanent mount for long-term study
☐simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide
☐drying the liquid used to make the smear
☐highlighting cell structure for observation
☐preserving various cellular components in a natural state
☑making a more permanent mount for long-term study
☑simultaneously killing and securing the sample to the slide
☑preserving various cellular components in a natural state
Any procedure that applies colored chemicals to specimens is called ______.
Multiple choice question.
○marking
○staining
○fixing
○shadowing
●staining
