Chapter 2 - Components Of Matter

Question 1

Pure substances

Answer 1

Matter whose composition is fixed

Question 2

Element

Answer 2

Simplest type of matter with unique physical and chemical properties.

Question 3

Compound

Answer 3

Matter composed of two or more elements

Question 4

Mixture

Answer 4

Two or more substances

Question 5

Law of Mass conservation

Answer 5

The total mass does not change during a chemical reaction

Question 6

Law of definite composition

Answer 6

No matter the source, a particular compound is composed os the same elements i. The same parts by mass.

Question 7

Law of multiple proportions

Answer 7

If A & B react to compound AB, the different masses of B that combined with a fixed of A can be expressed as a small ratio of small whole numbers.

Question 8

Atoms postulates

Answer 8

• Can not be created nor destroyed.
• Can not be converted into another atom.
• It has a fixed mass

Question 9

Robert Millikan discovered:

Answer 9

Measured the charge of the electron by the Cathode Ray experiment.

Question 10

Ernest Rutherford discovered:

Answer 10

Proposed that atoms are tiny, massive, positive nucleus surrounded by atoms.

Question 11

J.J. Thompson discovered:

Answer 11

Measured an atom mass/charge

Question 12

Ionic compound

Answer 12

Donates electrons

Question 13

Covalent compounds

Answer 13

Share electrons

Question 14

Binary Ionic Compound

Answer 14

Composed of two elements

Question 15

Metals

Answer 15

• 3/4 of elements are metals

- shiny solids at room temp.

Question 16

Nonmetals

Answer 16

Generally gasses or brittle solids at room temp

Question 17

Metalloids

Answer 17

• semi metals

- have properties between nonmetals and metals.

Question 18

Covalent bonds

Answer 18

Share electrons

Between nonmetals

Question 19

Empirical formula

Answer 19

Simplest type of formula

Question 20

Molecular Formula

Answer 20

Shows actual number of atoms.

Question 21

Structural formula

Answer 21

Show the number of atoms and bonds between them.

Question 22

Monoatomic ions nomenclature

Answer 22

• name of the cation is the same as the name of the metal (ium)
• name of the anion takes root of the nonmetal and adds (ide).

Question 23

Roman numeral in nomenclature

Answer 23

Indicates its ionic charge

Question 24

Lower charge metals nomenclature suffix

Answer 24

(Ous)

Question 25

Upper charge metals nomenclature suffix

Answer 25

(-ic)

Question 26

Oxoanions

Answer 26

Elements (nonmetals) bonded to one or more oxygen atoms.

Question 27

More O in nonmetal naming

Answer 27

-ate

Question 28

Fewer O in nonmetal naming

Answer 28

-ite

Question 29

Most O atoms add prefix:

Answer 29

Per-nonmetalroot-ate

Question 30

Least O atoms add prefix:

Answer 30

Hypo-root-ite

Question 31

Methane

Answer 31

CH4

Question 32

Ethane

Answer 32

C2H6

Question 33

Propane

Answer 33

C3H8

Question 34

Butane

Answer 34

C4H10

Question 35

Pentane

Answer 35

C5H12

Question 36

Hexane

Answer 36

C6H14

Question 37

Heptane

Answer 37

C7H16

Question 38

Octane

Answer 38

C8H18

Question 39

Nonane

Answer 39

C9H20

Question 40

Decane

Answer 40

C10H22

Question 41

Molecule

Answer 41

Independent structural unit consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded.