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Computer science AS level > Chapter 2 Communication and Internet Technologies > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Communication and Internet Technologies Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Bandwidth mean?

A

Bandwidth means the range of frequencies used for the transfer of information through data cables

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2
Q

What does attenuation at high frequencies mean?

A

Attenuation at high frequencies means how much the data transfer slows down at high frequencies.

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3
Q

Which are the three cable types?

A

Twisted pair cables
Coaxial cables
Fibre-Optic cables

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4
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of twisted pair cable?

A

The twisted pair cable have the lowest price. However, it has the lowest bandwidth and data rate. In addition, when it is exposed to really high frequencies it is affected by it but, it is not affected very much.

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5
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of coaxial cable?

A

The coaxial cable has a medium bandwidth and data rate. However, it has a higher price and when it is exposed to high frequencies it is very affected by it.

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6
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of Fibre-Optic cables?

A

Fibre-Optic cables have the highest bandwidth and data rate. Furthermore, it isn’t affected by high frequencies. However, it has the highest price

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7
Q

What are the three things to consider when buying a cable?

A

The cost
The bandwidth
The signal quality

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of wireless transmissions and what is the difference between them?

A

All are electromagnetic radiations

The difference between them is the frequency of the waves

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9
Q

Which are the types of wireless transmissions?

A

Radio transmission
Micro-Wave transmission
Infra-red transmission

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10
Q

What to consider with wireless transmissions?

A 
Solid barriers 
Focus transmission
Bandwidth or data rate 
Attenuation 
Need for repeaters
Directional focusing capability
Penetration through a wall
All are increasing from radio to micro-wave and then infra-red accept penetration
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11
Q

From who do wireless or wired transmissions need permission?

A

Wired transmissions, for example the ones underground need permission from the land owners and the wireless transmissions like phone transmissions need permission from the government.

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12
Q

Which are the two types of global transmissions?

A

Fibre optic:
Sea
Land
Satellite transmission

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13
Q

What does WAN stand for?

A

Wide Area Network

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14
Q

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local Area Network

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15
Q

What does MAN stand for?

A

Metropolitan Area Network

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16
Q

What is the biggest Inter-Network?

A

The Internet

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17
Q

Through what is the Internet provided through?

A

The Internet is provided through ISP’s or Internet Service Providers

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18
Q

Through what do ISP’s communicate through?

A

ISP’s communicate through Internet Exchange Points or IXP.

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19
Q

What is an ICP?

A

An ICP is a big international site

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20
Q

Which are the four satellite types?

A

GEO - On the highest alltitude its on the geostationary earth orbit
MEO - Medium Earht Orbit satellites
LEO - Low Earth Orbit satellites

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21
Q

How many GEO, MEO or LEO satellites are needed to cover the entire globe.

A

3 GEO satellites or 10 MEO satellites or 50 LEO satellites.

22
Q

What use do GEO, MEO and LEO satellites have?

A

GEO - Long distance phone and computer communications
MEO - Used for GPS - Global Positioning System
LEO - These supplement the mobile phone networks

23
Q

What is the major disadvantage of satellites?

A

Because the the distance delays will occur.

24
Q

What is the Internet?

A

It is an Inter-Network

25
Q

What does www stand for?

A

www stands for World-Wide-Web

26
Q

What is a router?

A

A router is a device that acts as a node on the Internet.

27
Q

What is a gateway?

A

A gateway is a device that connects network of different underlying technologies

28
Q

What is a server?

A

A device that provides services via a network.

29
Q

Which could be a few examples of a client server application?

A

e-commence, e-mail, e-business, e-business, online banking

30
Q

What are the examples of a bit streaming?

A

Watching a video, Listening to music.

31
Q

Which are the two types of bit streaming?

A

Downloading and then watching

Real time or live streaming

32
Q

What is an IPv4 address?

A

An IPv4 address is a 32-bit long, hierarchical address of a device on the Internet.

33
Q

Which are the 5 classes of network?

A 
Class A
    Class identifier
        0
    No of bits for netID
        7
    No of bits for host ID
        24
    suitable for the largest organisations
Class B
    Class identifier
        10
    No of bits for netID
        14
    No of bits for host ID
        16
    medioum organisations
Class C
    Class identifier
        110
    No of bits for netID
        21
    No of bits for host ID
        8
    small organisations
D and E is out of curriculum
34
Q

What is the disadvantage of IPv4 addressing?

A

The number of IP addresses is not sufficient.

35
Q

Which are the techniques of expanding IPv4 address ranges?

A

CIDR (Classless inter-domain routing)
Sub-netting
NAT (Network Address Translation)

36
Q

What does CIDR have?

A

CIDR has host ID and Net ID but is more flexible and the netID 21 bits.

37
Q

What is the advantage of CIDR?

A

You don’t need to sacrifice bits to define the class, more bits remain for the netID and hostID

38
Q

What is the advantage of Sub-netting?

A

Would need only one, Class C netID
The router would allocate hostIDs for the devices
The router is comminucating directly to the external network,

39
Q

How a NAT work?

A

The router is communicating directly to the external network,

40
Q

What is the advantage of the Net box?

A

The NET box can do security checks before an external communication is directed to the correct internal IP address

41
Q

What is the advantage of IPv6 addressing?

A

IPv6 addressing uses a 128 bit addressing scheme allowing enough addresses to be used.

42
Q

What is the Domain Name System or DNS?

A

The DNS is a hierarchically distributed database installed on domain name servers that is responsible for mapping a domain name to an IP address

43
Q

Which are the generic domains?

A

.com
.org
.gov

44
Q

Which are the domains dedicated for countries?

A

.de
.uk
.en

45
Q

What does the Universal Resource Allocator or URL do?

A

The URL identifies a webpage or an email address

46
Q

Which are the steps to setting up a web page?

A
  1. Creat the file (usually in HTML)
  2. Purchase a domain name from a web hosting company
  3. upload the files to the host server
47
Q

What will happen when the user will access the webpage?

A
  1. the user opens a web browser on the client computer
  2. types the URL
  3. the browser asks from a DNS server the IP address
  4. the browser connects to the IP address and sends a request for the Webpage
  5. the page is sent by the server to the browser
  6. the browser displayes the HTML file that it recieved
48
Q

The content of an HTML file can be improved with which programming languages?

A

Java script
PHP
SQL

49
Q

What is javascript used for?

A

Javascript is used for interaction, data collection, calculations or anytime when the programmer wants to perform the calculations on the client’s computer.

50
Q

What is PHP used for?

A

PHP is used when the programmer whants the operations to be performed on the server. Sometimes the site slows down if the data is sent for processing to the client (server-side processing).

51
Q

What is SQL and what does it do?

A

SQL is a database programming language, that handles the databases.

Computer science AS level (15 decks)

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