Chapter 2 Colliding Cultures

Question 1

Franciscans

Answer 1

related religious orders of the Catholic church

Question 2

Black Legend

Answer 2

a set of anti-Spanish and anti-Catholic ideas that portray the Spanish Empire as cruel and intolerant

Question 3

Northwest Passage

Answer 3

the sea lane between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans through the Arctic Ocean, along the northern coast of North America via waterways through the Arctic Archipelago of Canada

Question 4

Samuel de Champlain

Answer 4

French explorer, navigator, cartographer, draftsman, soldier, geographer, ethnologist, diplomat, and chronicler. He made between 21 and 29 trips across the Atlantic Ocean, and founded Quebec City, and New France, on 3 July 1608.

Question 5

Jesuits

Answer 5

a Roman Catholic order of priests and brothers, also known as the Society of Jesus, that are committed to serving the faith and promoting justice

Question 6

Metis

Answer 6

a distinct Indigenous people in Canada with a unique culture, language, history, and way of life:
The Métis are descendants of people born to unions between First Nations women and European men. Over time, these individuals intermarried and formed a new Indigenous people with a distinct identity

Question 7

middle ground

Answer 7

The pressure from the Iroquois pushed Algonquian-speaking people towards French territory, creating a space for cross-cultural interaction

Question 8

New Netherland

Answer 8

Dutch controlled land in america

Question 9

wampum

Answer 9

a currency used by the Dutch with the Native Americans
Shell beads used in necklaces and other ornaments, useful for trade, ceremonies and gifts to Native Iroquois tribes

Question 10

Iroquois

Answer 10

a tribe of Native Americans

Question 11

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494

Answer 11

Pope tried to prevent inter-Catholic war between Portugal and Spain by blessing them with dominions to conquer
Pope Alexander divided the world between Spain and Portugal in the name of the Catholic Church

Question 12

Richard Hakluyt

Answer 12

used mythical accounts of King Arthur’s conquest to justify colonization and promised that converting Native Americans would satisfy God and glorify Queen Elizabeth I

Question 13

joint-stock companies

Answer 13

provided the means to attract capital for colonization

Question 14

piracy

Answer 14

crime that involves robbery or violence at sea or in the air, typically for the purpose of stealing valuable goods
Initially, English ventures in the New World involved privateering state-sponsored piracy against Spanish ships and towns, which brought substantial profit to England.

Question 15

Spanish Armada

Answer 15

a fleet of ships sent by King Philip II of Spain to invade England in 1588

Question 16

Jamestown

Answer 16

in the late 16th century, English settlers established this town, the first permanent English colony in present-day Virginia

Question 17

Powhatan Confederacy

Answer 17

The Powhatan Confederacy was the first Native American group to contact the English settlers at Jamestown in 1607

Question 18

tobacco

Answer 18

the cultivation of this crop saved Jamestown

Question 19

Curse of Ham

Answer 19

the English used and distorted the Biblical curse of Noah’s son as justification for slavery

Question 20

Puritans

Answer 20

a group of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries who sought to reform the Church of England
settled in New England
sought to abstain from practices like premarital sex