Chapter 2 : Civil War

Question 1

Course of the War in the Eastern Theater

Answer 1

• Lee takes the defensive at the start of 1862 Shendoah valley and 7 days campaign.
• Lee counterattacks in 1862 and was pushed back but the battle of Antietam Creek
• 1863 Lee wins defensively at Chancellorsville but loses at Gettysburg.
• 1864 CSA is all defense, Grant attacks without stopping despite heavy losses for example Cold Harbor.

Question 2

Cold Harbor

Answer 2

Disastrous defeat for the union army (Grant) during the Civil War at 1864

Question 3

Course of the war in the Western theater

Answer 3

• CSA stays on defensive mode
• 1862 Union army pushes them back at Shiloh
• 1863 Union wins at Vicksburg and Chattanooga
• 1864 Siege of Atlanta, known as March to the seen which Sherman was successful at

Question 4

Anaconda plan

Answer 4

Also known as the Naval Blockade.

• A plan to blockade the CSA by sea and cut off the Mississippi River
• It was set up to damage the South’s economy and prevent it resupplying

Question 5

Southern and Northern war goals

Answer 5

In the eastern theater the Northern and Southern strategies were fairly similar

• Not get invaded
• Push back each other when possible

The Northern strategy was to eventually introduce the emancipation proclamation and end slavery

Question 6

Differences in industrial output

Answer 6

Union has much of the industrial output

• Produces 95% of the countries iron
• CSA has only 9 firearms factories.

Question 7

What was the South’s main economic Activity and how was it impacted by the war ?

Answer 7

They grew cotton and sold it to the UK.

- During the war the US blockade reduces exports by 90%

Question 8

How was the war financed by the North?

Answer 8

Printing money
- 13% from printing money

Bonds
- 66% of the total war spending

Taxes
- 21% of the total war spending

Question 9

How was the war financed by the South?

Answer 9

Printing money
- 57% of the war spending

Bonds
- 33% of the war spending

Taxes
- 10% of the war spending

Question 10

Why we’re railways such an important part of the war?

Answer 10

A way to transport food, supplies and people to fight in the war

Question 11

How did the UK and France impact the Naval War?

Answer 11

UK allows some ships to be built in its shipyards for the Confederacy. They attack the Union merchant ship and do some economic damage, that said the impact on the war is small.

Question 12

To what degree did the UK and France support the Confederacy/Union?

Answer 12

They recognized the CSA as a “Belligerent” (a nation engaged in war) but not a country.
They discussed helping the CSA but did not due to popular anti-slavery feelings, Russian threats and lack of interest in war.

Question 13

How was trade with The UK and France impacted the war?

Answer 13

Trade from the south was destroyed by Union blockade, trade with Union was large especially in weapons

Question 14

Trent Affair

Answer 14

The Trent Affair was the ship called RMS Trent, British Merchant ship with the CSA diplomats onboard. US warship stops and arrests them, the UK government demands their release and eventually get it.

Question 15

Vallandigham’s case

Answer 15

He is the speaker of the house at the start of the war. He made an angry speech against Lincoln and the war. He was arrested by the military without Lincoln’s knowledge. Lincoln exiles him to the Confederacy. He goes to Bermuda then Canada and returns to the US. He is ignored and works against Lincoln in 1864 election

Question 16

John Merryman

Answer 16

He was accused of training soldiers who went on to sabotage railroad tracks in Maryland in 1861. He was arrested even though he hadn’t technically committed a. Crime as Lincoln had suspended Habeas Corpus.

Question 17

Suspension of Habeas Corpus

Answer 17

Lincoln suspends rules saying that the government can only arrest people if a reason is given. But he arrests a large number of people opposing the war or supporting the Confederacy. Starts in 1861 in Maryland, in 1862 covers whole country. In the CSA it can be suspended by decision of a military tribunal.

Question 18

Alien Act

Answer 18

The CSA makes all the people living in it choose is they are a US or CSA citizen. It seizes the property of any Northerner not living in the south

Question 19

Conscription In the Union

Answer 19

Accounts for about 2% of the total troops. Can be avoided for payment, if you have certain professions like teacher or doctor etc.

Question 20

Conscription in the Confederacy

Answer 20

Accounts for about 20% of total troops. Can be avoided for payment, professions or if u own 20 or more slaves

Question 21

How did Lincoln hope the emancipation proclamation would help win the war?!

Answer 21

He said that any state that returned to the Union could keep slavery. He also hopes it would encourage slave revolts or slaves to run away thus hurting CSA.

Question 22

Why did Lincoln not abolish slavery in the border states?!

Answer 22

He didn’t want to encourage people in those areas to join the confederacy. He was also wasn’t sure he had the legal authority to do so as the Dred Scott case meant that he did not have the constitutional authority to do so.

Question 23

Why did he was until he won a victory

Answer 23

He doesn’t want to make it look like an of desperation done because the south is winning the war.

Question 24

What goods did the confederacy run short off during the war and why?!

Answer 24

Coffee, sugar, tea, salt, and many important goods like cloth. Railway ties and locomotives and other infrastructure goods

Question 25

Why did the southern rail system partly break down during the civil war and what were the results?!

Answer 25

Railroad net doesn’t always connect cities and regions because they go to northern cities and ports.
As they don’t have the industrial power to produce a lot of railroad iron or locomotives they cannot easily fix them and wear gradually reduces effectiveness of the southern rail network.
This leads to food shortages in the cities breakdown industry and limiting the mid military effectiveness.

Question 26

What region of the south suffered most of the war?!

Answer 26

The areas directly impacted by fighting and looting suffered most. The areas of Georgia impacted by Sherman’s march to the sea, the areas of Tennessee invaded by Union airs and the coastal regions were most impacted.

Question 27

What taxes had the most impact on the southerners ?

Answer 27

Tax in Kind ‘TIK’. The confederate government took part of peoples crops, making it harder for farmers to survive.

Question 28

How did the slaves most often try to gain freedom during the war?

Answer 28

There are some work stoppages and unrest among slaves. However, a large minority of about 10% of the slaves flee to the Union army or Union army held areas in search of their freedom. Many of them do various support jobs for the army and some are enlisted as soldiers.

Question 29

What was the result of the midterm election in 1862?

Answer 29

The republicans lose seats as the war is going badly and they are not popular. Lincoln retains ability to pass laws with the support of pro-war Democrats who disagree with Lincoln on the other issues : tariffs conduct of the war and suspension of Habeas corpus.

Question 30

Who ran against Lincoln and on what platform in 1864

Answer 30

George McCllelan ran in 1864. He had been on of the main commanders of the war from 1861 to 1863, leading the Union army of the East (army of Potomac). He ran arguing the war should be ended in a negotiation Ed peace, giving at least some of the confederacy independence. He is supported by Vallindingham who writes much of the part platform (Chicago platform)

Question 31

What battle turned the elections of 1864 in Lincoln’s favor?!

Answer 31

Battle or siege of Atlanta. Made it seem like the war was almost over and so damaged and McCllelen’s case that the war was so cold and needed to end in a negotiated settlement

Question 32

Robert Lee

Answer 32

Commander of Confederate (Southern) forces in the Eastern during the Civil War

Question 33

McCllelen

Answer 33

Union General in Eastern Theater 1861, much of 1862. He was noted for being very cautious. This meant he did not attack well. He withdrew after 7 days from Richmond thinking he was outnumbered when he was not. Despite having Lee’s battle plans at Antietam and outnumbering him he did not win.

He did however avoid getting his army destroyed, unlike Pope and Burnside. He was fairly popular with troops and lead a campaign against Lincoln in 1864,