Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life

Question 1

Biochemistry

Answer 1

the study of chemical aspects of life

Question 2

Matter

Answer 2

anything that occupies space and math

Question 3

atom

Answer 3

smallest unit of matter

Question 4

Molecules

Answer 4

particles of matter composed of one or more atom

Question 5

Nucleus

Answer 5

located at the core of the atom composed of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons

Question 6

Atomic Number

Answer 6

all the protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 7

Atomic Mass

Answer 7

number of the protons and neutrons combined in an atom

Question 8

orbitals

Answer 8

electrons that dart between limits

Question 9

energy levels

Answer 9

orbital shells arranged by their distance from the nucleus

Question 10

elements

Answer 10

a pure substance made up of one type of atom, can’t be broken down into smaller substances

Question 11

compound

Answer 11

a substance containing more than one element.

Question 12

Name the four atoms that make up 99% of the human body.

Answer 12

oxygen,carbon,hydrogen, and nitrogen

Question 13

Why do atoms form chemical bonds?

Answer 13

To be stable

Question 14

When is atom considered chemically stable?

Answer 14

When the outer energy level shells are “full”.

Question 15

How many electrons can an atom hold in its outer energy level shell?

Answer 15

8

Question 16

when does an ionic bond occur?

Answer 16

when an atom has one or two electrons in its outermost level and only needs two or less atoms to be full, an atom with one or two electrons donates to make the original atom full.

video link:
https://youtu.be/zpaHPXVR8WU?si=lPyvCxzq04lPOIHt

Question 17

What are electrocytes?

Answer 17

compounds that form ions when dissolved in water

Question 18

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 18

when atoms share electrons instead donating or receiving electron.

Question 19

Characteristics of a Hydrogen Bond?

Answer 19

1. attractive force
2. weaker than ionic and covalent bonds
3. result of an unequal charge distribution
4. considered “bipolar”

Question 20

What is organic chemistry?

Answer 20

compounds involving carbon molecules

Question 21

What is the term for a mixture where water is the solvent?

Answer 21

aqueous solution

Question 22

What is Dehydration synthesis?

Answer 22

a chemical reaction that results in water loss from a molecule

Question 23

hydrolysis

Answer 23

any chemical reaction that causes a water molecule to break on or more chemical bonds

Question 24

What makes blood more acidic?

Answer 24

high carbon dioxide levels

Question 24

What’s the difference acids and bases?

Answer 24

acids are compounds with excess hydrogen ions and bases are excess hydroxide ions

Question 24

How is hydrogen ion concentration measured?

Answer 24

units of pH

Question 24

acidosis

Answer 24

low blood pH

Question 24

alkalosis

Answer 24

high blood pH

Question 25

healthy pH range

Answer 25

7.35-7.45

Question 26

Ways to adjust the body’s pH

Answer 26

1.urine excreting
2.increasing loss of carbon dioxide
3.using chemical buffers

Question 27

carbohydrates

Answer 27

organic compound containing carbon,oxygen and hydrogen

Question 28

monosaccharide

Answer 28

Single unit of a carbohydrate

Question 29

Disaccharide

Answer 29

Two monosaccharide units

Question 30

Polysaccharide

Answer 30

Multiple monosaccharide units

Question 31

Names three types of Lipids

Answer 31

Triglyceride (fat)
Phospholipid
Steroid

Question 32

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Answer 32

Nucleotides that contain genetic code information for making proteins

Question 33

Ribonucleic acid

Answer 33

Nucleotides that serve as a copy of a potion of the genetic code during protein synthesis

Question 34

Adenosine Triphosphate

Answer 34

Transfers energies from nutrient molecules to power work the cell