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Biology > Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Hebrews 3:4

A

For every house is built by someone but God is the builder of everything

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2
Q

Matter

A

takes up space and mass

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3
Q

Element

A

substance that can’t be broken down

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4
Q

Compound

A

2 or more different elements combined

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5
Q

Mixture

A

Elements and compounds not chemistry bound

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6
Q

Elements of Life

A

Necessary for life and reproduction

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7
Q

Trace Elements

A

elements required in minute qualities

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8
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of matter

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9
Q

Proton

A

+ charge

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10
Q

Neutron

A

neutral

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11
Q

Electron

A
  • charge
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12
Q

Mass Number

A

protons and neutrons

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13
Q

Atomic #

A

protons only

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14
Q

Atomic Mass

A

mass of an atom, very close to mass #

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15
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atomic forms of the same element differing in the # of neutrons

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16
Q

Radioactive Isotopes

A

Nucleus decays spontaneously giving off particles and energy

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17
Q

Potential Energy

A

energy matter possesses

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18
Q

Electron Shell

A

Ring of electrons

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19
Q

Valence Electrons

A

outermost ring

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20
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

shares a pair of electrons and strongest chemicals bond

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21
Q

Molecules

A

2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds

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22
Q

Valence Capacity

A

of electrons required to complete a valence shell

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23
Q

Non Polar

A

No pull

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24
Q

Single Bond

A

pair of shared electrons

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25
Q

Double Bond

A

Sharing 2 pairs of electrons

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26
Q

Electronegativity

A

Atoms attraction for electrons

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27
Q

Van Der Waals Interactions

A

+/- charge that enables all atoms to stick together

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28
Q

Non Polar Covalent

A

Equal electronegativity of shared electrons

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29
Q

Polar Covalent Bond

A

Unequal electronegativity resulting in tugging

30
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

2 opposite charged electrons, 1 gives up electrons to another

31
Q

Ions

A

Opposite charged atoms of molecules

32
Q

Cation

A

Loss of electrons resulting in charge

33
Q

Anion

A

Gain of electrons resulting in - charge

34
Q

Ionic Compounds

A

Chemically bound substances formed from ionic bonds

35
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

Weak covalent bonds

36
Q

Chemical Reactions

A

Change in the composition of matter by making and breaking chemical bonds

37
Q

Reactants

A

Starting material

38
Q

Products

A

Resulting material

39
Q

Chemical Equilibrium

A

Reactants and products have a stabilized ratio

40
Q

Cohesion

A

Sticking together due to hydrogen bonds

41
Q

Adhesion

A

One substance clinging to another substance

42
Q

Surface Tension

A

How difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

43
Q

Temperature Modulation

A

Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat with only slight changes in its own temperature

44
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion

45
Q

Thermal Energy

A

Energy an object possesses from movement

46
Q

Temperature

A

Average kinetic energy of molecules in a body of matter

47
Q

Heat

A

Thermal energy transferred from 1 body of matter to another

48
Q

Specific Heat

A

Amount of heat that must be absorbed to change temperature

49
Q

Evaporative Cooling

A

Less energy, less heat, lower temperature

50
Q

Evaporation

A

Liquid to gas

51
Q

Heat of Vaporization

A

Heat needed to change a liquid to a gas

52
Q

Freezing Expansion

A

Less dense

53
Q

Solvent of Life

A

Chemical reactions in organisms involve solutes dissolved in water

54
Q

Solution

A

Homogenous mixture of 2 or more

55
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolving agent

56
Q

Solute

A

Substance being dissolved

57
Q

Aqueous Solution

A

Mixture or solution where water is the solvent

58
Q

Hydrogen Shell

A

Sphere of water molecules

59
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Water loving

60
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water fearing

61
Q

Solute Concentrate

A

How many atoms or molecules are involved in a reaction

62
Q

Hydrogen Ion

A

H+, single proton with a charge of +1

63
Q

Hydroxide Ion

A

OH-, Water molecule that has lost a proton -1 charge

64
Q

Hydronium Ion

A

H3O+, extra proton from H+

65
Q

Acid

A

Increases H+ concentration in a solution

66
Q

Base

A

Reduces H+ concentration

67
Q

Basic Solution

A

Higher concentration of OH- than H+

68
Q

Neutral Solution

A

H+ and OH- are equal

69
Q

PH Scale

A

Most convenient way to measure acidity

70
Q

Buffers

A

Minimizes changes in H+ and OH-, usually a weak acid or base

Biology (1 decks)

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