Chapter 2 - Chemistry Comes Alive

Question 1

Heavier isotopes of many elements are unstable and their atoms decompose spontaneously into more stable forms. This process of atomic decay is called?

Answer 1

radioactivity. And isotopes that exhibit this behavior are called radioisotopes.

Question 2

An atom which gains electrons and acquires a net negative charge is a?

Answer 2

anion

Question 3

An atom that loses electrons and acquires a net positive charge is a?

Answer 3

cation

Question 4

In ionic bonds electrons are _____. In covalent bonds electrons are ______.

Answer 4

Transferred; Shared

Question 5

Equal electron sharing results in a?

Answer 5

nonpolar molecule

Question 6

Unequal electron sharing results in a ?

Answer 6

polar molecule

Question 7

What is an electrons capability to attract electrons?

Answer 7

electronegativity

Question 8

What is a hydrogen bond?

Answer 8

It’s more of an attraction than a bond. Hydrogen bonds form when a hydrogen atom, already covalently linked to an electronegative atom (usually O or N) is attracted by another electron hungry atom to form a bridge between them.

Question 9

Chainlike molecules made of many similar or repeating units which are joined together by dehydration synthesis?

Answer 9

polymers

Question 10

Single chain or single ring structures containing three to seven carbon atoms?

Answer 10

Monosaccharides

Question 11

This is formed when two monosaccharides are joined by dehydration synthesis?

Answer 11

Disaccharides

Question 12

What are the only two polysaccharides of major importance to the body?

Answer 12

starch and glycogen

Question 13

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 13

molecules called amino acids. (there are 20 common types)

Question 14

What makes each amino acid chemically unique?

Answer 14

The R group