Chapter 2: Chemistry Flashcards
The maintenance of a relatively constant internal environment
Homeostasis
The ability to do work. Living things obtain this through either sunlight or from the food they consume
Energy
All the chemical reactions taking place in the cells of a living organism that allow it to obtain and use energy
Metabolism
A chemically pure substance that cannot be chemically broken down. Made up and defined by a single type of atom
Element
Anything that takes up space and has mass
Matter
The smallest unit of an element that cannot be chemically broken down into smaller units
Atom
An inorganic molecule made up of linked amino acid subunits
Protein
A positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
Proton
A molecule in which electrons are not shared equally between atoms causing a partial negative charge at one end and a partial positive charge at the other
Polar molecule
A molecule that has a carbon based backbone and at least one C-H bond
Organic molecule
A molecule that lacks a carbon based back bone and a C-H bond
Inorganic
A negatively charged subatomic particle that has neglible mass
Electron
One chemical subunit of a polymer
Monomer
Organic molecules mad up of linked nucleotide subunits
Nucleic acid
Large organic molecules that make up living organisms including carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
Macromolecules
A weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and an atom with a partial negative charge
Hydrogen bond
A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution making them more basic
Base
The building block or monomer of a carbohydrate
One sugar carbohydrate
Monosaccharide
Lipid that forms the cell membrane
Phospholipid
An organic molecule made up of one or more sugars
Carbohydrate
“Water fearing” repel water will not dissolve in water
Hydrophobic
“Water loving” molecules dissolve in water (attract water)
Hydrophilic
Water molecules stick to other surfaces through hydrogen bonds
Adhesion
A dissolved substance
Solute
A molecule made up of individual subunits called monomers linked linked together in a chain
Polymer
Atoms linked by covalent bonds
Molecules
A protein only infectious agent
Prion
An electrically uncharged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom
Neutron
Organic molecules that generally repel water
Lipid
The basic structural unit of living organisms
Cell
A mixture of solute and a solvent
Solution
The building block or monomer of a protein
Amino acid
Water molecules sticking to other water molecules through hydrogen bonds
Cohesion
The building block or monomer of a nucleic acid
Nucleotide
A strong electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by the transfer of one or more electrons from one to another
Ionic bond
An electrically charged atom the charge resulting from the loss or gain of electrons
Ions
Multiple linked sugars
Polysaccharide
A measure of the concentration of H+ in a solution
pH
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of solutions making them more acidic
Acid
A substance in which other substances can dissolve
Solvent
The dense core of an atom
Nucleus
A strong chemical bond resulting from the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms
Covalent bond
A phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that form the boundary of all cells
Cell membrane
An infectious agent made up of a protein shell that encloses genetic information
Virus
