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Anatomy & Physiology 1 > Chapter 2 - Chemical Level > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Chemical Level Flashcards

1
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Molecules move and vibrate randomly

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2
Q

Universal Solvent

A

Water (Dissociates Ionic Bonds)

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3
Q

Adhesion

A

Tendency of one substance to stick to another substance

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4
Q

Surface tension

A

Difficulty of stretching or breaking the surface of a liquid (Important factor in respiration)

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5
Q

Cohesion

A

Tendency of like particles to stick together

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6
Q

Bonds in H2O

A

Polar Covalent Bonds

Hydrogen Bonds

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7
Q

Polar Covalent Bonds

A

Unequal sharing of electrons

ex. H2O

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8
Q

Nonpolar Covalent bonds

A

Equal sharing of electrons

ex. H2, O2, CH4

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9
Q

Ions

A

Charged because have lost or gained electrons

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10
Q

Cations

A

Positive charge (lost e)

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11
Q

Anions

A

Negative charge (gained e)

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12
Q

Atomic number

A

of protons

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13
Q

Atomic Mass

A

Protons + Neutrons

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14
Q

Buffer System

A

Turn strong acids/bases into weak ones by adding or removing H+

Buffers resist large changes in pH & maintain homeostasis

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15
Q

Reversible reactions

A

Products can revert to original reactants

A+C🔄AC

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16
Q

Exchange reactions

A

Synthesis and Decomposition

AB+CD->AD+CB

17
Q

Decomposition reactions

Catabolic

A

AB->A+B
(Think cations–lose e) like breakdown

Maltose-> glucose+glucose

Usually exergonic (release more energy than absorb)

18
Q

Synthesis reactions

Anabolic

A

A+B->AB

glucose+glucose->maltose

Usually endergonic (absorb more energy than release)

19
Q

Factors that influence chemical reactions

A
  • Temperature ⬆️ Rxn ⬆️
  • Concentration ⬆️ Rxn ⬆️
  • Size ⬆️ increase in collisions & rxn
  • Catalysts (enzymes, proteins) - lower activation energy required
20
Q

Endergonic reactions

A

Absorb more energy than release

21
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

Release more energy than they absorb

22
Q

Acids

A

Release H+ ions

Proton donor

Less than 7 pH

23
Q

Bases

A

Accept H+ ions

Proton acceptor

Alkaline

Higher than 7 pH

24
Q

Neutral pH

A

H+ = OH-

25
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Break down by adding water

Decomposition reaction

Catabolic

26
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

Build up by removing water

Synthesis reaction

Anabolic

Assembled in cells via dehydration synthesis: carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

27
Q

Inorganic Compounds

A

Usually lack carbon

Structurally simple

•Water (60%)
•Minerals (5%) - electrolytes, ions
Na+, K+, Ca2+

28
Q

Organic compounds

A
  • Lipids 18-25% (most CH bonds are in saturated fats)
  • Proteins 12-18%
  • Carbohydrates 2% (covalent bonds with lots of energy)
  • Nucleic Acids 2%
  • ATP
29
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

C-H bonds

30
Q

Potential Energy

A

Stored Energy (molecules store energy in chemicals bonds)

Anatomy & Physiology 1 (1 decks)

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