Chapter 2 Chemical Basis of Life ; Exam 1 Flashcards
Required by the body in a large amount
Bulk elements
Required by the body in small amounts
Trace elements
Required by the body in very minute amounts
Ultratrace elements
number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic numbers
number of protons + number of neutrons
Atomic weight
Atoms with the same atomic numbers but different atomic weights
Isotopes
Particle formed when two or more atoms chemically combine
Molecule
Particle formed when two or more atoms of different elements chemically combine
Compound
Forms when atoms combine with other atoms
Chemical bounds
Atom that gains or loses electrons, electrically charged
Ion
Formed when atom loses electrons, + charged ion
Cation
Formed when atom gains electrons, - charged
Anion
Formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom
Ionic bonds
Formed between atoms that share electrons
Covalent bonds
molecules with a slightly negative end & slightly positive end. Results from unequal sharing of electrons
Polar molecules
Weak attraction between slightly positive end of one polar molecule and slightly negative end of another polar molecule
hydrogen bond
starting materials of a chemical reaction
Reactants
substances formed at the end of chemical reactions
Products
Ph <7. greater concentration of H+ than OH-
Acidic
Ph >7. higher concentration of OH- than H+
Alkaline (Basic)
blood ph of 7.4
Normal range of blood
blood ph of 7.0-7.3
Acidosis
blood ph of 7.5-7.8
Alkalosis
Helps regulate/maintain proper blood ph
Buffers
