Chapter 2 Cervical Spine

Question 1

Which vertebra has no spinous process or vertebral body?

Answer 1

C1

Question 2

Which vertebrae have bifid spinoud processes?

Answer 2

C2-6

Question 3

What portion of the cervical vertebrae lies bt the superior and inferior facets?

Answer 3

Articular pillars (or lateral masses)

Question 4

What is located posterior to the cervical transverse processes?

Answer 4

Articular pillars

Question 5

What is used by DO’s to evaluate cervical vertebral motion?

Answer 5

Articular pillars

Question 6

What vertebrae do the vertebral arteries pass thru?

Answer 6

C1-6

Question 7

What do the vertebral arteries pass thru?

Answer 7

Foramen transversarium

Question 8

Where do the scalenes originate?

Answer 8

Posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebrae

Question 9

Where does the anterior scalene insert?

Answer 9

Rib 1

Question 10

Where does the middle scalene insert?

Answer 10

Rib 1

Question 11

Where does the posterior scalene insert?

Answer 11

Rib 2

Question 12

What are the actions of the scalenes?

Answer 12

Sidebend to same side with unilateral contraction, flex with bilateral contraction (also aid in respiration)

Question 13

Where would you find a scalene tenderpoint in a rib dysfunction?

Answer 13

Posterior to clavicle at base of neck

Question 14

Where does the SCM originate?

Answer 14

Mastoid and lateral half of superior nuchal line

Question 15

Where does the SCM insert?

Answer 15

Medial 1/3 of clavicle and sternum

Question 16

What are the actions of the SCM?

Answer 16

With unilateral contraction, will sidebend ipsilaterally and rotate contralaterally; bilateral contraction flexes head

Question 17

Shortening or restrictions within the SCM results in what?

Answer 17

Torticollis

Question 18

What ligament extends from the sides of the dens to the lateral margins of the foramen magnum?

Answer 18

Alar ligament

Question 19

What ligament attaches to the lateral masses of C1 to hold the dens in place?

Answer 19

Transverse ligament of the atlas

Question 20

What syndromes can weaken the alar and transverse ligaments resulting in AA subluxation?

Answer 20

Down’s and RA

Question 21

What are uncinate processes?

Answer 21

Superior lateral projections originating from the posterior lateral rim of the vertebral bodies of C3-7

Question 22

What is the joint of Luschka (unconvertebral joints)?

Answer 22

The articulation of the superior uncinate process and superadjacent vertebrae

Question 23

What is the most common cause of cervical nerve root pressure?

Answer 23

Degeneration of the joints of Luschka plus hypertrophic arthritis of the intervertebral synovial (facet) joints

Question 24

Where does C8 nerve root exit?

Answer 24

Between C7 and T1

Question 25

What nerve roots make up the brachial plexus?

Answer 25

C5-T1

Question 26

What is the primary motion of the OA?

Answer 26

Flexion and extension--50% of flexion/extension of cervical spine occurs at OA

Question 27

How does sidebending occur at OA?

Answer 27

Opposite rotation

Question 28

What is the primary motion of the AA?

Answer 28

Rotation--50% of rotation of cervical spine occurs at AA

Question 29

What are the mvts of C2-7

Answer 29

Sidebending and rotation occur to the same side

Question 30

Main motions of C2-4?

Answer 30

Rotation

Question 31

Main motions of C5-7?

Answer 31

Sidebending

Question 32

Lateral translation to the right will cause what motion?

Answer 32

Left sidebending

Question 33

What if you feel a deep sulcus on the right at the OA joint?

Answer 33

Rotated right, sidebent left

Question 34

How do you evaluate the AA?

Answer 34

Flex cervical spine to 45 degrees to lock out rotation of typical cervical vertebrae

Question 35

An acute injury to the cervical spine is best treated how?

Answer 35

MFR or counterstrain

Question 36

How does cervical foraminal stenosis present?

Answer 36

Neck pain radiating to upper extremity

Question 37

What are the S/S of cervical foraminal stenosis?

Answer 37

Increased pain with neck extension, posiive Spurling's, paraspinal muscle spasm, posterior and anterior cervical tenderpoints

Question 38

Which vertebra actually rotates, the atlas or axis?

Answer 38

Atlas rotates on axis

Question 39

Which cervical segment is best assessed by flexing neck to 45 and rotating?

Answer 39

C1