Chapter 2 - Cells Flashcards
Basic unit of life Synthesis of molecules Communication Cell metabolism and energy release Reproduction and inheritance (DNA)
Cell functions
Organelles
Specialized structures in cells that perform specific functions
Cytoplasm
Jelly like substance that holds organelles
Cell membrane
The outermost component of the cell that encloses the cytoplasm and serves as a selective barrier
Nucleus
Contains the genetic material of cell (DNA)
Chromosome
Made of DNA and proteins, and is part of genetic makeup
Chromatin
Loosely coiled chromosomes
Nucleolus
Produces ribosomes inside nucleus
Ribosome
Produces proteins inside the rough endoplasmic reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
the site of protein synthesis, containing ribosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Site of lipid synthesis, containing no ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Collects, sorts, packages, and distributes proteins and lipids
Secretory vesicle
Distributes materials out of cell
Lysosomes
Enzymes that digest foreign material, dispose of cell waste
Mitochondria
Produces ATP
Cilia
Move materials across cells surface
Flagella
Moves cell, ex. Sperm
Microvilli
Increase surface area
Cytoskeleton
Cells framework that provides support, holds organelles in place, and enables cell to shift shape
Microtubules
Largest type of cytoskeleton that provides structural support and forms cilia/flagella
Intermediate filaments
Medium diameter, maintains cell shape
Microfilaments
Smallest diameter, involved in cell movement
DNA
Double helix in nucleus composed of nucleotides and containing 5 carbon sugar
Mitosis
Cell division that occurs in all cells except sex cells, forming 2 daughter cells
