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Biology 9th Grade > Chapter 2- Cell Theory And Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 2- Cell Theory And Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is Diffusion?

A
  • net movement of particles from an area where there are many particles of the substance to an area with fewer
  • 3 Things can affect rate of Diffusion
    1. Temperature
    2. Concentration
    3. Pressure
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2
Q

What is Dynamic Equilibrium?

A

Continuous movement but no overall change

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3
Q

What is Selective Permeability?

A

A membrane allows so me substances to pass through while keeping others out.

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4
Q

What is Transport Proteins?

A

Move needed substances or waste materials through the plasma membrane

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5
Q

What is the Phospholipid Bilayer?

A

Two layers of phospholipids are arranged tail-to-tail.

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6
Q

What is a Phospholipid? How are they formed?

A
  • Phospholipid is a molecule that has a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid chains, and a phosphate containing group
  • Phospholipids are formed when the phosphate replaces a fatty acid
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7
Q

What are Lipids?

A

Large molecules composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids

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8
Q

What is a Prokaryotic Cell?

A

Cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

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9
Q

What is a nucleus?

A

Central organelle that contains the cells genetic material in the form of DNA

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10
Q

What is a Eukaryotic Cell?

A

Cells with a nucleus and other organelles that are bound by membranes

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11
Q

What are Organelles?

A

Specialized membrane-bound structures that carry out specific cell functions in different parts of the cell at the same time

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12
Q

What is the Plasma Membrane?

A

A boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell

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13
Q

What are Non-optical Microscopes?

A
  • electron microscope known as non optical microscope

- non optical microscopes have greater magnification

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14
Q

What are Optical Microscopes?

A
  • an optical microscope uses visible light (fire) and lenses to magnify an object
  • a compound light microscope is a type of optical microscope
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15
Q

What are the 3 principles of Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. Cells are the basic unit of all living organisms
  3. Cells arise from previously existing cells
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16
Q

What is the Cell Theory?

A

One of the fundamental ideas of modern biology

17
Q

What is a cell?

A

Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms

18
Q

What is a Lysosome?

A

Vesicles that contain substances that digest excess or worn-out organelles and food particles.

19
Q

What is a Vacuole?

A

Sac used to store food, enzymes, and other materials needed.

20
Q

What is a Golgi Apparatus?

A

Flattened sack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles.

21
Q

What is Endoplasmic Reticulum?

A

Membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as the site for protein and lipid synthesis.

22
Q

What is a Chloroplast?

A

Organelles that capture light energy and convert it to chemical energy process photosynthesis.

23
Q

What is Mitochondria?

A

Convert fuel (sugars) into usable energy.

24
Q

What is a Nucleolus?

A

Site of ribosome production.

25
Q

What is a Flagella?

A

Longer and less numerous than cilia.

26
Q

What is a cilia?

A

Short, numerous projections that look like hairs.

27
Q

What is Centrioles?

A

Organelles made of microtubules that function during cell division.

28
Q

What is a Microfilament?

A

Thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable the entire cell or parts of the cell to move.

29
Q

What is a Microtubule?

A

Long, hollow protein cylinders that form a rigid skeleton for the cell and assist in moving substances within the cell.

30
Q

What is a Cytoskeleton?

A

Supporting network of long, thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and provide an anchor for the organelles inside the cells.

31
Q

What is Cytoplasm?

A

Environment inside the plasma membrane

32
Q

What is Exocytosis?

A

Secretion of materials at the plasma membrane.

33
Q

What is Endocytosis?

A

Process by which a cell surrounds a substance in the outside environment, enclosing the substance in a portion of the plasma membrane.

34
Q

What is Active Transport?

A

Movement of substances across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient required energy.

35
Q

What structures are only founded in Plant Cells?

A
  • Chloroplast

- Vacuole

36
Q

What structures are only found in Animal Cells?

A
  • Lysosome

- Microtubules/Centrioles

37
Q

What structures are found in all Cells?

A
  • Ribosome
  • Cell membrane
  • Cytoplasm

Biology 9th Grade (2 decks)

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