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Life Science > Chapter 2 - Cell Structure > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Cell Structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The idea that all cells come from other cells, make up all living things, and perform the functions of all living things is knows as

A

cell theory.

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2
Q

The cell theory is a ______ that explains many observations but may change in the event of new discoveries.

A

model

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3
Q

Cells with a nuclei are

A

eukaryotic

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4
Q

Cells without a nuclei are

A

prokaryotic

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5
Q

Unicellular organisms have only one

A

cell

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6
Q

Multicellular organisms have many

A

cells organized into tissues and organs.

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7
Q

The cells of multicellular organisms are grouped into

A

tissues made of similar cells.

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8
Q

The model of the cell that states that cells make up all living things, come from preexisting cells, and perform the functions of living things.

A

cell theory

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9
Q

A group of similar cells that work together.

A

tissue

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10
Q

A group of tissues that work together.

A

organ

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11
Q

Eukaryotic cells have structure called

A

organelles

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12
Q

Each organelle performs a specific

A

task within the cell

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13
Q

Cell membranes regulate

A

what substances enter and exit a cell through passive and active transport.

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14
Q

God created both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells during

A

Creation Week

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15
Q

Cells give evidence of being

A

engineered systems

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16
Q

Evolutionists have not yet come up with a model that can explain

A

the origin of life from nonliving materials

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17
Q

the usually membrane-surrounded structures in a eukaryotic cell that perform special functions

A

organelle

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18
Q

the structure that surrounds all cells and regulates what comes in and goes out

A

cell membrane

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19
Q

a rigid structure that surrounds and protects some cells

A

cell wall

20
Q

a slimy layer surrounding some bacteria that protects them from harmful substances and prevents their drying out

A

capsule

21
Q

a whip-like structure that some cells use to propel themselves through their environment

A

flagellum

22
Q

the molecule that contains important information for making proteins and helps regulate many cellular processes

A

DNA

23
Q

a structure that contains a cell’s DNA

A

chromosome

24
Q

a network of tubes in eukaryotic cells that help produce and transport proteins and other molecules throughout the cell

A

endoplasmic reticulum

25
Q

the organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies many proteins and packages them into small, bubble-like structures called vesicles

A

Golgi apparatus

26
Q

a small structure that assembles proteins found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

A

ribosome

27
Q

several types of long, thin fibers anchored to various parts of the cell that help the cell maintain and change its shape

A

cytoskeleton

28
Q

a small organelle in eukaryotic cells that act as the demolition crew within a cell

A

lysosome

29
Q

a protein that speeds up or slows down chemical reactions

A

enzyme

30
Q

the organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes most of the cell’s ATP

A

mitochondrion

31
Q

allowing some substances to pass through while keeping others out

A

selectively permeable

32
Q

the difference in the number of a certain type of molecule on each side of a membrane

A

concentration gradient

33
Q

the movement of molecules through a membrane as a result of a concentration gradient

A

diffusion

34
Q

the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane

A

osmosis

35
Q

the movement of molecules across a membrane without the cell doing any work (i.e. osmosis, diffusion)

A

passive transport

36
Q

the movement of molecules across a membrane that requires the cell to do work

A

active transport

37
Q

Photosynthesis uses light energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into _____and produces __________ as a waste product

A

glucose and produces oxygen

38
Q

Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to convert ____ into ______, the energy molecule of the cell, with water and carbon dioxide as waste products.

A

ADP into ATP

39
Q

Some cells perform ____________, which does not use oxygen, instead of aerobic respiration.

A

fermentation

40
Q

an organism that can make its own food, typically through photosynthesis

A

producer

41
Q

the process by which a plant uses energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide and water into the sugar glucose

A

photosynthesis

42
Q

the green pigment that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis

A

chlorophyll

43
Q

the molecule that a cell uses to power many processes in the cell that need chemical energy

A

ATP

44
Q

the process in organisms of breaking down molecules to produce ATP

A

cellular respiration

45
Q

describes a process that does not use oxygen

A

anaerobic

46
Q

a special cell that divides and matures into any type of cell needed by the body

A

stem cell

Life Science (3 decks)

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