Chapter 2 - Cell Structure Flashcards
The idea that all cells come from other cells, make up all living things, and perform the functions of all living things is knows as
cell theory.
The cell theory is a ______ that explains many observations but may change in the event of new discoveries.
model
Cells with a nuclei are
eukaryotic
Cells without a nuclei are
prokaryotic
Unicellular organisms have only one
cell
Multicellular organisms have many
cells organized into tissues and organs.
The cells of multicellular organisms are grouped into
tissues made of similar cells.
The model of the cell that states that cells make up all living things, come from preexisting cells, and perform the functions of living things.
cell theory
A group of similar cells that work together.
tissue
A group of tissues that work together.
organ
Eukaryotic cells have structure called
organelles
Each organelle performs a specific
task within the cell
Cell membranes regulate
what substances enter and exit a cell through passive and active transport.
God created both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells during
Creation Week
Cells give evidence of being
engineered systems
Evolutionists have not yet come up with a model that can explain
the origin of life from nonliving materials
the usually membrane-surrounded structures in a eukaryotic cell that perform special functions
organelle
the structure that surrounds all cells and regulates what comes in and goes out
cell membrane
a rigid structure that surrounds and protects some cells
cell wall
a slimy layer surrounding some bacteria that protects them from harmful substances and prevents their drying out
capsule
a whip-like structure that some cells use to propel themselves through their environment
flagellum
the molecule that contains important information for making proteins and helps regulate many cellular processes
DNA
a structure that contains a cell’s DNA
chromosome
a network of tubes in eukaryotic cells that help produce and transport proteins and other molecules throughout the cell
endoplasmic reticulum
the organelle in eukaryotic cells that modifies many proteins and packages them into small, bubble-like structures called vesicles
Golgi apparatus
a small structure that assembles proteins found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
ribosome
several types of long, thin fibers anchored to various parts of the cell that help the cell maintain and change its shape
cytoskeleton
a small organelle in eukaryotic cells that act as the demolition crew within a cell
lysosome
a protein that speeds up or slows down chemical reactions
enzyme
the organelle in eukaryotic cells that makes most of the cell’s ATP
mitochondrion
allowing some substances to pass through while keeping others out
selectively permeable
the difference in the number of a certain type of molecule on each side of a membrane
concentration gradient
the movement of molecules through a membrane as a result of a concentration gradient
diffusion
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
osmosis
the movement of molecules across a membrane without the cell doing any work (i.e. osmosis, diffusion)
passive transport
the movement of molecules across a membrane that requires the cell to do work
active transport
Photosynthesis uses light energy to turn water and carbon dioxide into _____and produces __________ as a waste product
glucose and produces oxygen
Cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to convert ____ into ______, the energy molecule of the cell, with water and carbon dioxide as waste products.
ADP into ATP
Some cells perform ____________, which does not use oxygen, instead of aerobic respiration.
fermentation
an organism that can make its own food, typically through photosynthesis
producer
the process by which a plant uses energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide and water into the sugar glucose
photosynthesis
the green pigment that absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis
chlorophyll
the molecule that a cell uses to power many processes in the cell that need chemical energy
ATP
the process in organisms of breaking down molecules to produce ATP
cellular respiration
describes a process that does not use oxygen
anaerobic
a special cell that divides and matures into any type of cell needed by the body
stem cell
