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History: America > Chapter 2: Causes of the Revolution > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Causes of the Revolution Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Proclamation Line?

A

1763

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2
Q

When was the Sugar Act?

A

1764

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3
Q

When was the Currency Act?

A

1764

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4
Q

When was the Stamp Act?

A

1765

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5
Q

When was the Stamp Act repealed?

A

1766

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6
Q

When were the Intolerable Acts?

A

1774

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7
Q

When were the Townshend Duties?

A

1767

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8
Q

When was the Tea Act?

A

1773

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9
Q

When was the Boston Tea Party?

A

December 16th, 1773

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10
Q

What was the Proclamation Line?

A

A line across the crest of the Appalachians, that the settlers weren’t allowed to cross & claim land past.

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11
Q

How many settlers ignored the Proclamation Line?

A

30,000 in the years 1763-68.

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12
Q

What were the Anti-smuggling measures put in place by Grenville?

A

Colonial Customs officials had to reside in America rather than delegate their duties.
Jurisdiction in smuggling cases was given to a vice-admiralty court rather than colonial courts.

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13
Q

When were the Anti-smuggling measures passed?

A

1763

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14
Q

What was the Sugar Act?

A

American sugar duty was reduced from 6d per gallon to 3d per gallon.

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15
Q

Why was the Sugar Act hated?

A

It led to taxes being enforced more, and meant sugar was more expensive.

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16
Q

How much was the Sugar Act predicted to make?

A

£78,000 per year.

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17
Q

How much had the previous sugar act of 1733 made?

A

£21,652 over 30 years.

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18
Q

Who Wrote “The Rights of the British Colonies, Asserted & Proved”?

A

James Otis

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19
Q

What was the Currency Act?

A

It placed a ban on colonial paper money for paying merchants.

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20
Q

What was the Stamp Act?

A

It dictated that every document printed must have a stamp on it, which would be taxed.

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21
Q

How much was the Stamp Act estimated to raise?

A

£60,000 in its first year

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22
Q

What was the American reaction to the Stamp Act?

A

The Viriginia Assembly put forward the Vriginia Resolves, penned by Patrick Henry. They condemned the Stamp Act & threatened resistance. By the end of 1765, 8 other assemblies had passed similar resolutions condemning the Stamp Act.

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23
Q

What was the Stamp Act Congress?

A

A meeting in 1765, where 27 delegated from 9 colonies attended a meeting to agree on action to repeal the stamp act.

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24
Q

Why was the Stamp Act congress important?

A

it was the first example of coordinated Colonial resistance

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25
Q

What was the ideological issue with the Stamp Act?

A

No taxation without Representation

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26
Q

Who was Andrew Oliver?

A

the stamp distributor in Massachusetts

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27
Q

Who was Thomas Hutchinson?

A

the Chief Justice in Massachusetts

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28
Q

Effigies of who were hung from the Liberty Tree in August 1765?

A

Andrew Oliver & The Earl of Bute

29
Q

Why did Andrew Oliver resign?

A

His house was destroyed and his office torn down

30
Q

Whose mansion got attacked by mobs over the Stamp Act?

A

Thomas Hutchinson and/or Andrew Oliver

31
Q

What effect did the mob action over the Stamp Act have?

A

It led to several officials resigning out of fear.

32
Q

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

A

A group made to ensure political consciousness over British control was kept high.

33
Q

When were the Sons of Liberty set up?

A

1765

34
Q

What did New York merchants do in October 1765?

A

signed an agreement not to import goods from Britain until the Stamp Act was repealed.

35
Q

Who replaced Grenville as PM in July 1765?

A

Marquis Rockingham

36
Q

What was the Declaratory Act?

A

An act that stated the British retained the right to tax the colonies however they wished

37
Q

When was the Declaratory Act?

A

1766

38
Q

What were the Townshend Duties?

A

A new set of taxes on imports of wine, glass, china, lead, paint, paper, and tea.

39
Q

How much were the Townshend Duties estimated to raise?

A

Around £40,000 per year.

40
Q

What was the Quartering Act?

A

Forced colonial assemblies to house British troops

41
Q

When was the Quartering Act passed?

A

1765

42
Q

When was the New York Restraining Act?

A

1767

43
Q

Why was the New York Restraining Act passed?

A

New York refused to comply with the Quartering Act, as the responsiblity fell unfairly upon itself, since it was the HQ of the British colonial army.

44
Q

What did the New York Restraining Act do?

A

Made it so the New York assembly could not take any legislative measures until they complied with the Quartering Act.

45
Q

What did John Dickinson Write in response to the Townshend Duties?

A

Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer

46
Q

What did the Massachusetts assembly do in 1768?

A

Sent a circular letter denouncing the Townshend Duties for violating the principle of ‘no taxation without representation’.
Seven colinial assemblies soon approved the letter.

47
Q

What was the Economic resistance to the Townshend Duties?

A

Boston led the way in 1768, calling for economic boycott of British goods. By 1769, every colony except New Hampshire had organised a boycott of British goods.

48
Q

What was the Boston Massacre?

A

In March 1770, a mob threw snowballs at a squad of British troops guarding a customs house, who opened fire and killed five.

49
Q

Why did the British repeal the Townshend Duties?

A

They were concerned over events in the colonies, and needed to restart trade.

50
Q

Which part of the Townshend Duties were kept?

A

The tax on tea

51
Q

Why was the tea tax kept in the Townshend Duties?

A

As a mark of ‘the supremacy of Parliament’

52
Q

What were the Committees of Correspondence?

A

Started in 1771, they were set up to ensure rapid dissemination of information throughout the colonies.

53
Q

What was the Tea Act?

A

An act that said the East India Company did not have to pay import taxes.

54
Q

Why was the Tea Act an issue?

A

The East India Company tea could undercut American tea due to not having to pay the taxes.

55
Q

How much tea was thrown into the bay in the Boston Tea Party?

A

342 tea chests, worth £10,000.

56
Q

What were the names of the 3 ships that had their tea thrown into the boston bay?

A

The Dartmouth, the Beaver, and the Nancy.

57
Q

What was the British reaction to the Boston Tea party?

A

They demanded the company be reimbursed, and saw it as a direct challenge to Imperial authority.

58
Q

What were the Intolerable Acts?

A

The Boston Port Act - Boston was closed to all trade until the EIC had ben reimbursed.
The Massachusetts Government Act - The royal governor could appoint & remove most civil officials. Town meetings could not be held without his permission.
The Impartial Administration of Justice Act - All murder cases were to be transferred to Britain
The Quartering Act - further authority was given to generals seeking to house their troops

59
Q

Which colony was the first to pass a resolution condemning the Coercive Acts?

A

Virginia

60
Q

How many colonial newspapers were there by 1775?

A

42

61
Q

When was the First Continental Congress?

A

September 1774

62
Q

Which state didn’t show up to the First Continental Congress?

A

Georgia

63
Q

How many delegated were sent to the Continental Congress?

A

56

64
Q

What was agreed at the first continental congress?

A

Non-importation of all British goods until the Coercive acts were repealed
Formation of a continental association to form a united front rather than local initiatives

65
Q

Why did Gage write to Lord North reccommending the suspension of the Coercive Scts in 1774?

A

British Authority in Masachusetts had broken down & Gage was effectively beseiged in Boston

66
Q

Which state remained predominantly loyal to Britain in the early 1770s?

A

New York

67
Q

When was Massachusetts declared in a state of rebellion?

A

Feburary 1775

68
Q

Why was the Proclamation Line set up?

A

Pontiac’s Rebellion in 1763 destroyed a bunch of British posts & killed settlers. The line was intended to reduce the conflict.

69
Q

What was the main issue with British taxation of the colonies?

A

Arbitrary authority

History: America (7 decks)

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