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HLTH 1141-Intro to Electrocardiography > Chapter 2-Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 2-Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Define the pericardium

A

a two-layered sac of tissue enclosing the heart

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2
Q

Define the right atrium

A

right upper chamber of the heart which receives blood from body

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3
Q

Define left atrium

A

left upper chamber of heart which receives blood from lungs

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4
Q

Define right ventricle

A

right lower chamber of heart which pumps blood to lungs

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5
Q

Define left ventricle

A

left lower chamber of heart which pumps blood through body (biggest, strongest chamber of heart)

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6
Q

Define the interventricular septum

A

partition or wall (septum) that divides the right and left ventricles

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7
Q

Define the interatrial septum

A

wall of tissue that separates left an right atrium

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8
Q

Describe the location and function of the endocardium

A

inner layer of heart that lines chambers and valves, the purkinje fibres are located myocardium above this layer

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9
Q

Describe the location and function of the myocardium

A

middle, thickest muscular layer responsible for heart contractions

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10
Q

Describe the location and function of the epicardium (also known as the visceral pericarium)

A

outside, thin layer of heart that contains the coronary arteries (also known as the inner layer of pericardium)

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11
Q

Describe the function and location of the pericardium (made up of visceral and parietal pericardium)

A

double layer sac that encloses the heart. The inner layer is called the visceral pericardium and the outer layer is the parietal pericardium

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12
Q

Define the tricuspid valve

A

valve located between right atrium and right ventricle, prevents backflow of blood into right atrium

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13
Q

Define the mitral (bicuspid) valve

A

valve with two cusps or leaflets located between left atrium and left ventricle, prevents backflow of blood into left atrium

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14
Q

Define chordae tendineae

A

structures that connect atrioventricular (tricuspid and mitral) valves to papillary muscles that prevent them from opening in wrong direction

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15
Q

define papillary muscles

A

muscles in ventricles that anchor chordae tendineae and atrioventricular valves

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16
Q

define pulmonary artery

A

large artery that transports deoxygenated from right ventricle to lungs, only artery carrying deoxygenated blood

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17
Q

define aorta

A

largest artery of body, transports blood from left ventricle of heart ti entire body

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18
Q

define semilunar valve

A

valve with half-moon shaped cusps that open and close allowing blood to travel only one way, located in the pulmonary artery and aorta

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19
Q

define aortic semilunar valve

A

located in aorta that prevents backflow of blood into left ventricles

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20
Q

define pulmonary semilunar valve

A

valve found in pulmonary artery that prevents backflow of blood into right ventricle during pulmonary circulation

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21
Q

define vena cava

A

largest vein in body provides pathway for deoxygenated blood to return to heart, upper portion is the superior vena cava transports blood from head, arms, upper body, lower portion (inferior vena cava) transports blood from lower body and legs

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22
Q

define pulmonary circulation

A

transportation of blood to and from lungs, blood is oxygenated in lungs during pulmonary circulation

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23
Q

define systemic circulation

A

pathways for pumping blood throughout body and back to heart

24
Q

define coronary circulation

A

circulation of blood to and from heart muscles

25
Q

define stroke volume

A

volume of blood ejected with each contraction

26
Q

define cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped each minute

27
Q

what is an average cardiac output

A

5L per minute

28
Q

define systole

A

contraction phase of cardiac cycle, during which heart is pumping blood out to pulmonary (lungs) and systemic (body) circulation

29
Q

define diastole

A

phase of cardiac cycle when heart is expanding and refilling, also known as relaxation phase

30
Q

define automaticity

A

ability of heart to initiate electrical impulse without stimulation by independent source

31
Q

define conductivity

A

ability of heart cells to receive and transmit an electrical impulse

32
Q

define contractility

A

ability of heart muscle cells to shorten in response to electrical stimulus

33
Q

define excitability

A

ability of heart muscle cells to respond to impulse or stimulus (irritability)

34
Q

define sympathetic

A

branch of autonomic nervous system (ANS) that causes increase in heart rate

35
Q

define parasympathetic

A

branch of autonomic nervous system (ANS) that helps slow heart rate

36
Q

define the sinoatrial (SA) node

A

area of specialized cells in upper right atrium that initiates heartbeat

37
Q

define Backmann’s bundle

A

structure that relays electrical impulse from the SA node to the left atrium in normal heart

38
Q

define atrioventricular (AV) node

A

delays electrical impulse to allow atria to complete contraction

39
Q

define bundle of His (atrioventricular or AV bundle)

A

located next to AV node, provides transfer of electrical impulse from atria to ventricles

40
Q

define bundle branches

A

left and right branches of bundle of His conduct impulses down either side of interventricular septum to left and right ventricles

41
Q

define purkinje fibers

A

fibers within heart that distribute electrical impulses from cell to cell throughout ventricles

42
Q

define purkinje network

A

spreads electrical impulse throughout ventricles by means of purkinje fibers

43
Q

define polarization

A

state of cellular rest which inside is negatively charged and outside is positively charged

44
Q

define depolarization

A

electrical activation of cells of heart initiates contraction of heart muscle

45
Q

define repolarization

A

return of heart muscle cells to resting electrical state, causing heart muscle to relax

46
Q

define isoelectric line

A

period when electrical tracing of ECG is at zero or straight line, no positive or negative deflection seen

47
Q

define interval

A

period of time between two activities within heart

48
Q

define segment

A

portion or part of electrical tracing produced by heart

49
Q

define complexes

A

atrial or ventricular contractions as appear on ECG, complete ECG waveforms

50
Q

define the appearance and activity of a P wave

A

-upward small curve
-atrial depolarization resulting in atrial contraction

51
Q

define the appearance and activity of a QRS complex

A

-Q,R,S waves
-ventricular depolarization and resulting ventricular contract (larger than P wave), atrial repolarization occurs (not seen)

52
Q

define the appearance and activity of a T wave

A

-small upward-sloping curve
-ventricular repolarization

53
Q

define the appearance and activity of a U wave

A

-upward small curve
-repolarization of Purkinje fibers (not always seen), may be seen in instances of electrolyte imbalance

54
Q

define the appearance and activity of a PR Interval

A

-P wave and baseline prior to QRS complex
-beginning of atrial depolarization to beginning of ventricular depolarization

55
Q

define the appearance and activity of a QT Interval

A

-QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave
-period of time from start of ventricular depolarization to end of ventricular repolarization

56
Q

define the appearance and activity of an ST segment

A

-end of QRS complex to beginning of T wave
-time between ventricular depolarization and beginning of ventricular repolarization

HLTH 1141-Intro to Electrocardiography (9 decks)

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