Chapter 2 Cardio Flashcards
Medulla monitors monitors what in the heart?
Monitors blood pressure and send neuro impulses via the autonomic nervous system to heart and blood vessels
Core components of the Heart?
controller, pump, and the exchanger
where are baroreceptors located?
Aorta and the carotid arteries
describe physiology of baroreceptors response to increase in BP?
If BP goes up acutely the stretch signals baroreceptors to to alert brain to bring down bp. It signals to parasympathetic or sympathetic system to either increase or decrease. Heart rate will then go down and vasodialation will take place thus bringing the BP down SVR is then decreased.
Baroreceptors vs. Chemoreceptors
Baroreceptors monitor blood pressure and trigger changes in cardiovascular system
Chemoreceptors monitor ph changes, PaO2, and PaCO2.
what are the nodes in the heart made up of?
they are NOT nerves. they are cardiac muscles connected end to end . Structural difference for electrical conduction and speed of electrical signal.
Cardiac Cells have what type of Gap Junctions?
Gap junctions allow the action potential to pass from cell to cell.
Conduction pathway cells?
cells larger in diameter, the diameter of the cell allows for faster conduction. its role is to distribute electrical signal quickly around inner surface of heart.
What happens when valves become dysfunctional? What sound can one hear?
The valves can become narrow, stiff, or floppy. In this event the blood flow becomes very turbulent. This produces a vibration thus leading to a murmur sound.
turbulent flow in the lungs is when the pipes become narrow thus increasing velocity of the air causing for vibration and when we listen you hear?
wheezing
What protective layer is heart surrounded by? What disease processes can damage the sac?
Pericardial Sac (PArietal pericardium, and visceral pericardium.
Pericarditis and Pericardial effusion
What happens when intrathoracic pressure increases and becomes more negative during inspiration?
Venous blood to the right side of the heart increases.. The increased venous return stimulates stretch Baro-receptors thus increasing Heart rate.
Negative intra-thoracic pressures relative to the positive abdominal pressure. all fluids move from lower pressures to higher pressures. thus increasing venous return.
what are Arterioles called?
They are called resistant vessels because they do the bulk of resistance in our circulatory system.
What are Arterioles surrounded with?
Smooth muscle fibers, which around the walls. When the muscle fibers contract it cause VASOCONSTRICTION, and the opposite occurs as well causing VASODILATION.
Coronary Circulation?
Right Coronary Artery, Left Coronary Artery splits into left anterior descending LAD and left circumflex LC.
