Chapter 2 - Britain & Its Colonies Flashcards
Who was Chief Powhatan?
Powerful & charismatic chief of numerous Algonquian-speaking villages in eastern VA.
- represented over 10K Indians
- agricultural people focused on raising corn
- develop trade with English colonist exchanging corn & hides for hatchets, swords, & muskets
What is the Virginia Company?
Started in 1606 by King James I, a joint-stock enterprise with 2 divisions.
1) the First Colony of London
2) the Second Colony of Plymouth
Assigned an explicit religious missions by King James.
… settlers would bring the “Christian religion” to the natives who “live in darkness & miserable ignorance of the true knowledge & worship of God”…
Who was Captain John Smith?
Stocky 27 yr old soldier of fortune with rare powers of leadership & self-promotion.
– VA Co. impressed by his exploits in foreign war
– VA Co. appointed him a member of the council to mange the new colony
– “he that will not work shall not eat”
Who was Opechancanough?
Chief Powhatan’s brother & successor.
– 1622 he led the Indians against ‘land-grabbing’ English
What was Bacon’s Rebellion?
Revolt caused by on-going tension from;
- Depressed tobacco prices
- Rising taxes
- Roaming livestock
- Crowds of freed servants greedily eyeing Indian lands
– root cause grew out of hate for colonial governor, William Berkeley
What are proprietary colonies?
Colonies owned by an individual & NOT a joint-stock company.
- 1st was MD
- granted to Lord Baltimore by King Charles I
Who were the Puritans?
A group of ppl who worked toward religious, moral, & societal reforms.
- grew discontent in Church of England
- came to America to escape persecution from church leadership & the King
Who was John Winthrop?
1st governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony
– 1630 sailed the ‘Arbella’ to Massachusetts with 700 other puritans.
Who was Roger Williams?
Active beloved citizen of the commonwealth he founded
Lived til 1643 in a society living up to his principles of;
- Religious freedom
- Government based upon the ppl
Who was Anne Hutchinson?
Another prominent Puritan protester.
- articulate, strong-willed, intelligent wife
- served as a healer & midwife
- claimed to have direct revelations from the Holy Spirit
What was the Pequot War?
In 1636, settlers accused Pequot of murdering a colonist, & sought revenge.
– colonist set fire to the Pequot village (Mystic River) & shot the Indians as they fled.
Who was King Philip?
aka Metacomet was a Tribal leader & chief of the Wampanoags
– resented the English efforts to convert Induans to Christianity
What were the New Netherlands?
A Dutch colony in North America along the Hudson River.
– captured by English in 1664 & divided into New York & New Jersey
What was the Iroquois League?
NOTE - Iroquois - meaning snake or terrifying
Tribes of Iroquois forged an alliance that outnumbered the Dutch
– English traders were forced to work with the Indians exploiting lucrative beaver trade
– Early 1600s, about 50 Chiefs governed the 12,000 members of Iroquois League
– Chiefs made all decisions for all villages & mediated tribal rivalries within the league
Who were the Quakers?
Society of friends that were called the Quaker sect, because they were supposed to ‘tremble at the word of the Lord.
– most influential of many radical religious groups that sprang from the English Civil War
– founded by Georges Fox around 1647
– called the ‘inner light’ amongst themselves
