Chapter 2: Brain Structure

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

Divided into 2 main systems, all of the body’s nerve and neural organs

Question 2

Central Nervous System

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 3

Controls body and responses
Contains somatic and autonomic systems

Question 4

Autonomic NS

Answer 4

Self-governing, no active thinking to trigger, controls all reactions
Contains sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Question 5

Sympathetic NS

Answer 5

Controls arousal and fight-or-flight mechanism, stress

Question 6

Parasympathetic NS

Answer 6

Rest and digest, relaxation

Question 7

Franz Gall

Answer 7

Pioneer of phrenology

Question 8

Phrenology

Answer 8

Study of the shape and distinctions of the skull, believed to have influenced personality before discredited
Basis for localization

Question 9

Pierre Paul Broca

Answer 9

Studied language processing and speech through brain lesions

Question 10

Broca’s Area

Answer 10

Region in the frontal lobe, left hemisphere linked to language processing and speech production

Question 11

Lateralization

Answer 11

2 hemispheres of the brain that look similar, L is more dominant for language, R is more dominant for abstract though and moral reasoning

Question 12

Corpus Callosum

Answer 12

Connection between two hemispheres that transmits message between

Question 13

Michael Gazzaniga

Answer 13

Worked with split-brain patients, researched how information was sent and received through the brains to hemispheres

Question 14

Direction of thought

Answer 14

Hindbrain to midbrain to forebrain

Question 15

Gyri

Answer 15

“Peaks” of brain anatomy

Question 16

Sulci

Answer 16

“Valleys” of brain anatomy

Question 17

Fissures

Answer 17

Deep indentations on brain’s surface, can indicate different structures

Question 18

Forebrain

Answer 18

Consists of cerebral cortex and limbic system
Divided into telencephalon and diencephalon, controls higher-order thinking

Question 19

Telencephalon

Answer 19

Part of forebrain that includes cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia

Question 20

Diencephalon

Answer 20

Part of forebrain that includes thalamus, hypothalamus, and pituitary gland

Question 21

Frontal Lobe

Answer 21

Part of cerebral cortex that focuses on higher-order thinking, decision-making, and reason

Question 22

Parietal Lobe

Answer 22

Part of cerebral cortex that includes primary motor cortex and somatosensory cortex
Focuses on sensory processing in and out of body

Question 23

Temporal Lobe

Answer 23

Part of cerebral cortex that contains primary auditory cortex
Focuses on hearing, language, emotion, and memory

Question 24

Occipital Lobe

Answer 24

Part of cerebral cortex that focuses on vision

Question 25

Cerebellum

Answer 25

A the back of brain, focuses on balance, coordination, and memory. Highest density of neurons here