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Psy 110 > Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Brain and Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

Band of fibers connecting the 2 hemispheres of the brain.

A

Corpus Callosum

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2
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital

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3
Q

What are the 2 braches of the nervous system?

A

Central and Peripheral

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4
Q

What are the two systems that make up the PNS?

A

Somatic and Autonomic NS

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5
Q

The two systems are part of the autonomic NS

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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6
Q

List the 4 parts of a neuron

A

Dendrites, cell body, axon, and axon terminals

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7
Q

How are neurons able to transmit information to one another?

A

Through electrical charge, and sodium ions

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8
Q

The peak of neuron activity

A

Threshold

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9
Q

The holes that act as channels for sodium ions to enter axon fibers

A

ion channels

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10
Q

Insulating material that coats some neuron axons

A

Myelin Sheath

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11
Q

The chemical process when neurotransmitters are released at the end of action potential

A

Synaptic transmission

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12
Q

a chemical that moves from one nervous system to another

A

Neurotransmitter

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13
Q

Membranes sensitive to neurotransmitters

A

Receptor sites

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14
Q

How many neurotransmitters are found within the brain?

A

100

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15
Q

Brain chemicals that regulate neuron activity

A

Neuropeptides

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16
Q

Neural regulators that relieve pain and stress

A

Enkephalins

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17
Q

The ability of the brain and nervous system to change in response to experience

A

Neuroplasticity

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18
Q

The production of new brain cells

A

Neurogenesis

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19
Q

The study of how biological processes relate to our behavior

A

Biopsychology

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20
Q

Revolutionized the study of the brain

A

Computed tomography scans

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21
Q

Three-dimensional images of the brain

A

MRIs

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22
Q

A research strategy of linking specific structures in the brain to specific psychological or behavioral functions.

A

Localized function

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23
Q

Direct electrical stimulation of the brain tissue by electrodes

A

ESB

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24
Q

any device such as a needle or wire used to stimulate or destroy nerve tissue or record its activity

A

Electrodes

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25
Q

Surgical removal of tissue from the surface of the brain

A

Ablation

26
Q

Removal of tissue within the brain by use of an electrode

A

Deep lesioning

27
Q

Amplifies the brain’s weak signals and records electrical activity

A

EEG

28
Q

Shows whether a person is lying

A

functional MRI

29
Q

Uses radioactive particles attaching them to glucose molecules in the brain to show areas of activity

A

PET scans

30
Q

The thin outer covering of the brain has a wrinkled appearance.

A

Cerebral Cortex

31
Q

Specialization in the abilities of the two hemispheres of the brain

A

Lateralization

32
Q

Cutting of the corpus callosum, used as a treatment for severe epilepsy

A

Split brain operation

33
Q

Cell in the nervous system that transmits commands to the muscles

A

Motor neurons

34
Q

A term applied to the side of a person’s brain that produces language

A

Dominant hemisphere

35
Q

Area of the cortex associated with movement, sense of self, higher mental functions, reasoning, planning

A

Frontal Lobe

36
Q

The front of the frontal lobe is responsible for regulating and coordinating thought processes.

A

Prefrontal cortex

37
Q

Area related to grammar and pronunciation

A

Broca’s area

38
Q

Area of the brain associated with the control of movement

A

Primary motor areas

39
Q

Lobe is responsible for body sensations touch, temperature, and pressure

A

Parietal

40
Q

The lobe is important to hearing. Where auditory information is sent.

A

Temporal lobe

41
Q

Temporal lobe area that is associated with language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s area

42
Q

Lobe responsible for visual processing

A

Occipital

43
Q

An increase in the relative size of the cerebral cortex

A

Corticalization

44
Q

The inability to identify seen objects

A

Agnosia

45
Q

What are the 3 main components of the subcortex?

A

Forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

46
Q

What are the 4 main parts of the hindbrain?

A

Medulla, pons, reticular formation, cerebellum

47
Q

Area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviors and basic biological functions such as temperature control, hormone release, eating, drinking, sleep, walking, and emotion.

A

Hypothalamus

48
Q

The brain structure that relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex such as taste, vision, hearing, and touch

A

Thalamus

49
Q

Set of brain structures important in regulating emotion and memory.

A

Limbic System

50
Q

The 4 parts of the Limbic system

A

Hypothalamus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala

51
Q

Associated with emotional processing, strongly related to fear and memory of fearful experiences.

A

Amygdala

52
Q

Important in storing memories, and navigating the space around us

A

Hippocampus

53
Q

The 4 main glands of the endocrine system

A

Pituitary, Pineal, Adrenal, Thyroid

54
Q

Known as the master gland, influences other glands, and regulates body processes such as metabolism, stress responses, and reproduction. Growth hormone and oxytocin.

A

Pituitary gland

55
Q

Releases melatonin in response to light variations during the day

A

Pineal Gland

56
Q

Regulates metabolism, has effects on personality

A

Thyroid gland

57
Q

associated with fear and arousal, “Fight or flight” response

A

Adrenal Gland

58
Q

Source of Epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

Adrenal Medulla

59
Q

Part of the brain responsible for balance and coordination

A

Cerebellum

60
Q

Secretes from a gland as a chemical message

A

Hormone

61
Q

Part of the cortex responsible for processing information from skin receptors

A

Somatosensory cortex

Psy 110 (3 decks)

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