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HSC 2531 > Chapter 2 Body Structure, Color, and Oncology > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Body Structure, Color, and Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of all living things

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2
Q

Tissue

A

Similar cells that perform a specific task

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3
Q

Organ

A

Two or more kinds of tissue that together to perform special body functions. ex - skin

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4
Q

System

A

A group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions. ex - cardiovascular system

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5
Q

Cell Membrane

A

Boundary of a cell

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6
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Makes up the body of a cell

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7
Q

Nucleus

A

Structure in center containing chromosomes

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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

46 in human cells except for mature sex cell, which has 23

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9
Q

Genes

A

Regions within the chromosome that determine hereditary characteristics

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10
Q

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

A

Each gene is composed of DNA, a chemical that regulates the activities of the cell

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11
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Produces movement

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12
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Conducts impulses to and from the brain

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13
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures

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14
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Found in the skin and lining of the blood vessels

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15
Q

5 Cavities of the Body Structure

A
  • Cranial
  • Spinal
  • Thoracic/chest
  • Abdominal
  • Pelvic
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16
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain

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17
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord

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18
Q

Thoracic/Chest Cavity

A

Space containing the heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea, bronchi

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19
Q

Abdominal Cavity

A

Space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, adrenal glands, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, ureters

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20
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the large intestine, rectum

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21
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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22
Q

cyt/o

A

cell

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23
Q

epitheli/o

A

epithelium

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24
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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25
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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26
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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27
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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28
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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29
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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30
Q

organ/o

A

organ

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31
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

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32
Q

system/o

A

system

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33
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

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34
Q

cancer/o,

carcin/o

A

cancer (a disease characterized by the unregulated, abnormal growth of new cells)

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35
Q

eti/o

A

cause (of disease)

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36
Q

gno/o

A

knowledge

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37
Q

iatr/o

A

physician, medicine (also means treatment)

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38
Q

lei/o

A

smooth

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39
Q

onc/o

A

tumor, mass

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40
Q

path/o

A

disease

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41
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod-shaped, striated

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42
Q

somato/o

A

body

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43
Q

chlor/o

A

green

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44
Q

chrom/o

A

color

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45
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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46
Q

erythr/o

A

red

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47
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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48
Q

melan/o

A

black

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49
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

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50
Q

dia-

A

through, complete

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51
Q

dys-

A

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

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52
Q

hyper-

A

above, excessive

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53
Q

hypo-

A

below, incomplete, deficient, under

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54
Q

meta-

A

after, beyond, change

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55
Q

neo-

A

new

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56
Q

pro-

A

before

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57
Q

-al, -ic, -ous

A

pertaining to

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58
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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59
Q

-gen

A

substance or agent that produces or causes

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60
Q

-genic

A

producing, originating, causing

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61
Q

-genesis

A

origin, cause

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62
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats (physician, specialist)

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63
Q

-logy

A

study of

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64
Q

-megaly

A

enlargment

65
Q

-oid

A

resembling

66
Q

-oma

A

tumor, swelling

67
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

68
Q

-pathy

A

disease

69
Q

-plasia

A

condition of formation, development, growth

70
Q

-plasm

A

growth, substance, formation

71
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor

72
Q

-sis

A

state of

73
Q

-stasis

A

control, stop, standing

74
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

cancerous tumor of the glandular tissue

75
Q

adenoma

A

tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)

76
Q

carcinoma (CA)

A

cancerous tumor (malignant)

77
Q

chloroma

A

tumor of green color (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue)

78
Q

epithelioma

A

tumor composed of the epithelium (maybe benign or malignant)

79
Q

fibroma

A

tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue) (benign)

80
Q

fibrosarcoma

A

malignant tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue)

81
Q

leioyoma

A

tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign)

82
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

83
Q

lipoma

A

tumor composed of fat (benign tumor)

84
Q

liposarcoma

A

malignant tumor of fat

85
Q

melanocaracinoma

A

cancerous black tumor (malignant)

86
Q

melanoma

A

black tumor (primarily of the skin)

87
Q

myoma

A

tumor composed of muscle (benign)

88
Q

neoplasm

A

new growth (of abnormal tissue, benign, or malignant)

89
Q

neuroma

A

tumor composed of nerve (benign)

90
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

tumor composed of striated muscle (benign)

91
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of striated muscle

92
Q

sarcoma

A

tumor of connective tissue (such bone or cartilage; highly malignant

93
Q

cytogenic

A

producing cell

94
Q

cytoid

A

resembling a cell

95
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

96
Q

cytoplasm

A

cell substance

97
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development

98
Q

epithelial

A

pertaining to epithelium

99
Q

erythrocyte (RBC)

A

red (blood) cell

100
Q

erthrocytosis

A

increase in number of red blood cells

101
Q

histology

A

study of tissue

102
Q

hyperplasia

A

excessive development (number of cells)

103
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete development (of an organ or tissue(

104
Q

karyocyte

A

cell with a nucleus

105
Q

karyoplasm

A

substance of a nucleus

106
Q

leukocyte (WBC)

A

white (blood) cell

107
Q

leukocytosis

A

increase in the number of white (blood) cells

108
Q

lipoid

A

resembling fat

109
Q

myopathy

A

disease of the muscle

110
Q

neuroid

A

resembling a nerve

111
Q

organomegaly

A

enlargement of an organ

112
Q

somatic

A

pertaining to the body

113
Q

somatogenic

A

originating in the body (organic as opposed to psychogenic)

114
Q

somatopathy

A

disease of the body

115
Q

somatoplasm

A

body substance

116
Q

systemic

A

pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)

117
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organ

118
Q

cancerous

A

pertaining to cancer

119
Q

carcinogen

A

substance that causes cancer

120
Q

carcinogenic

A

producing cancer

121
Q

cyanosis

A

abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration, especially of the skin, caused by inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood)

122
Q

diagnosis (Dx)

A

state of complete knowledge (the art of identifying a disease based on the patients signs, symptoms, and test results

123
Q

etiology

A

study of causes (of diseases)

124
Q

iatrogenic

A

produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physican)

125
Q

iatrology

A

study of medicine

126
Q

metastasis (METS)

A

beyond control (transfer of cells from one organ to another, as in malignant tumors)

127
Q

onocogenic

A

causing tumors

128
Q

oncologist

A

physician who studies and treats (malignant) tumors

129
Q

oncology

A

study of tumors

130
Q

organic

A

pertaining to an organ

131
Q

pathogenic

A

producing diseases

132
Q

pathologist

A

physician who studies diseases

133
Q

pathology

A

study of disease

134
Q

prognosis (Px)

A

state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease based on the patients signs, symptoms, and test results

135
Q

xanthochromic

A

pertaining to yellow color

136
Q

xanthosis

A

abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)

137
Q

benign

A

not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery

138
Q

carcinoma in siu

A

cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue

139
Q

chemotherapy (chemo)

A

treatment of cancer with drugs

140
Q

exacerbation

A

increase in severity of disease or its symptoms

141
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

142
Q

inflammation

A

response to injury or destruction of tissue characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain

143
Q

in vitro

A

within a glass, observable within a test tube

144
Q

in vivo

A

within the living body

145
Q

malignant

A

tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer

146
Q

morbidity

A

state of being diseased; incidence of illness in a population

147
Q

mortality

A

state of being moral (death); incidence of the number of deaths in a population

148
Q

radiation therapy (RT)

A

treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance

149
Q

remission

A

improvement or absence of signs of disease

150
Q

Singular endings & plural endings

A
  • a , -ae
  • ax, -aces
  • is, -es
  • ix, -ices
  • ma, -mata
  • nx, -nges
  • on, -a
  • sis, -ses
  • um, -a
  • us, -i
  • y, -ies
151
Q

CA

A

Carcinoma

152
Q

chemo

A

chemotherapy

153
Q

Dx

A

diagnosis

154
Q

METS

A

metastases

155
Q

Px

A

prognosis

156
Q

RBC

A

red blood cell (erythrocyte)

157
Q

XRT

A

radiation therapy

158
Q

WBC

A

white blood cell (leukocyte)

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