Chapter 2: Bio-10 Flashcards
What was Pasteur’s method?
Third one to do boiled chicken broth. Tube with s shaped mouth peice no mold
What is spontaneous generation?
It is the belief that “life force” caused non-living things to birth living things
What are the three points for cells?
- all living things are made from cells
- cells are the smallest unit of life
- all cells come from pre-excisting cells
what is an open system?
they transfer energy and matter
what is a closed system?
they only transfer energy
What is a isolated system?
they dont transfer anything
What type of system is a cell?
an open one
What goes into a cell?
nutrients, water, oxegen, chemical energy and solar energy
What comes out of a cell?
water, waste, carbon dioxide, kinetic energy and thermal energy
What are cells tiny organs called?
organelles
What is the shape of an animal cell?
there more rounded and no cell wall
there more rounded and no cell wall
there more rectangle and have a cell wall
What is the cell membrane?
the protective barrier that controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the cytoplasm?
a cell like suspends that suspends all other organelles and holds nutrients
What is the nucleus?
It holds the cells DNA and controls the cells activity
What is the mitochondria?
the power house of the cell that creates cellular respiration of sugar + energy
What is the ribosomes?
makes proteins out of amino acids
What is the Rough ER?
rough because of ribosomes and protein synthesis
what is the smooth ER?
makes fats i animals and oils or starches in plants
what is the golgi apparatus?
gets substances from ER and makes vesicles around them to transport around the cell
What is the lysosomes?
has digestive enzymes and also defends against antigens
what is the cetrolites?
there only in animal cells and help with cell division.
what is the cell wall?
only in plant cells and helps to provide strength and support with a ridgid edge
what is the large vesicle?
only in plant cells and helps to store water and nutrients
what is the chloroplast?
only in plant cells and helps with photosynthesis and trapping sunlight.
what is the inner cell called?
ICF or intracellular fluid
what is the outer cell called?
ECF or extracellular fluid
what is fluid?
the flexible part of a cell
what is mosaic?
a collection of different substances held together
What is a channel protein?
tunnels in the membrane to let big particles pass through
What is a carrier protein?
Opens and closes to let big specifically shaped molecules through
What are phosphates
(Head) really like water next to the ICF and ECF
what are lipids?
Tail- hates water and not near ECF or ICF
What are the four particle model of matter rules?
- All matter is made up of particles
- particles are always moving
- particles are attracted to each other
- particles have spaces in between them
How are particles moving?
Fastest in gas and slowest in solids
what is the space between particles?
most in gases and least in solids
what is the phosphlipid bilayer?
it two layers of phosphates
what is concentration?
the ratio of solute to solvent in a solutio
what is a solute?
the material being dissolved
What is a solvent?
the material being used to dissolve things in
What is a solution?
the mixture of solute and solvent
What is a concentration gradient?
it only occurs when theres a different concentration on both sides and movement is always going down along or with it
What is impermeable?
allows nothing through
What is semi permerable?
allows some through (humans)
What is permeable?
allows all through
What is passive transport?
includes diffusion, facillitated diffusion and osmosis. no energy required, goes along the gradient, high to low
What is active transport?
includes exocytosis, and endosytosis. needs energy, goes against gradient, low to high
what is diffusion like?
it like flowing downstream
what factors affect diffusion?
size of particles must be small, concentration difference (bigger faster), tempeture (hotter faster), surface area (more faster), and state (gas fastest)
what is facilitaded diffusion?
Its diffusion with the help of some proteins that help molecules that otherwise could not get thorough to go through
What is osmosis?
its the same prosses as diffusion but specifically with water?
Where does water always go?
were the higher concentration is to help balance
what is hypertonic?
where the solution is higher then the solute. water will move out of the cell
What is isotonic?
where the solution and solute are equal. water moves in and out
What is hypotonic?
the solvent is lower than the solute so water will move into the cell
what does the golgi apparatus do in active transport?
it forms a vesicle around large waste products that merges with the sell and releases the waste outside
what is -0?
this moves things into the cell
what is exosytosis?
this moves things out of the cell
what are the advantages of small cells?
requires less nutrients
produces less waste
what are the disadvantages of small cells?
less surface area for intake of nutreints and getting rid of waste
what are the advantages of big cells?
more area for pulling in nutreints and getting rid of waste
what are the disadvantages of big cells?
requires more nutrients
creates more waste
what is Surface area?
6S squared
What is volume?
S cubed
What is SA:V ratio?
6 divided by S (bigger SA and smaller V the better)
