Chapter 2 :Beyond Maastricht

Question 1

Amendments to the Treaty of Rome

Answer 1

Single European Act (1986)
Maastricht (1992)
Amsterdam(1997)
Nice(2001)
Lisbon(2007)

Question 2

European Community

Answer 2

Maastricht-> EEC became EC

EC: ESCS EEC EURATOM

Question 3

Creation of EU

Answer 3

1992 Maastricht based on three pillars

Lisbon Treaty ended three pillars

Question 4

Maastricht

Answer 4

1992
EU creation

Key changes:

• 3 pillars
• Economic and Monetary Union
• Increased role for European Parliament and citizens

Question 5

3 pillars

Answer 5

• 3 Communities ( EC ECSC EURATOM)
• Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP)

-Justice and Home Affairs
Police and judicial cooperation
Visa asylum border controls -> “Shengen Acquis”

Question 6

Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)

Answer 6

Euro adopted in 2002
12 /15 states now 18/27

Surrendering national currency + monetary control to the European Central Bank

Question 7

Masstricht - Role of Parliament and Citizens

Answer 7

Gave Parliament legislative power through co-decision procedure

Members States must ratify amendments in accordance with national constitutional requirement -> referenda

Question 8

Co decision

Answer 8

Commission proposes legislation which then needs to be approved by both the Council and the European Parliament

Question 9

Treaty of Amsterdam

Answer 9

1997

Straightened role of the Parliament throught the Co-Decision Procedure -> can approve the Commission President

Split the Justice and Home affairs pillar

1) Area of Freedom Security and Justice (asylum immigration judicial cooperation)
2) Police and Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters ( intergovernmental cooperation decides policies )

Question 10

1997

Answer 10

Treaty of Amsterdam

Question 11

Treaty of Nice

Answer 11

2001

Reformed the institutional structure of the EU to cope with the challenges of new enlargement

• increased Parliament legislative and supervisory powers
• extended qualified majority voting to more areas within the European Council

Question 12

2001

Answer 12

Treaty of Nice

Question 13

Qualified Majority Voting

Answer 13

Used within the European Council and Council of EU to take decisions without unanimity

Question 14

Standard qualified majority

Answer 14

Decisions accepted if :
55% member states
Representing 65% of EU population

Ordinary procedure for most EU legislation

Question 15

Reinforced qualified majority

Answer 15

Decisions adopted if
- 72% of member states representing 72% of EU population

Required if Council acting on proposals that have nor come from the Commission or the High Representative for Foreign Affairs

Question 16

Lisbon Treaty

Answer 16

2007

First and third pillar merged

• No EC + EURATOM
• EU acquired Legal Personality
• EU High Representative for Foreign Affairs

EU becomes an actor in international relations

Question 17

2007

Answer 17

Lisbon Treaty

Question 18

2013

Answer 18

Fiscal Compact

Question 19

Single European Act

Answer 19

1986